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Geography > Coastal management > Flashcards

Coastal management Flashcards

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1
Q

Hard engineering

A

Man made structures that aim to prevent erosion

Successful at preventing erosion in the desired area, may exacerbate erosion elsewhere

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2
Q

Soft engineering

A

Aims to work with and complement the physical environment

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3
Q

Groynes

A

Timber/rock protrusions that trap sediment from LSD
Built at right angles to the beach

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4
Q

3 strengths and 2 limitations of GROYNES

A

+ Builds up the beach, protecting the cliff, increasing tourist potential
+ Cost effective
+ Works with natural processes

  • Visually unappealing
  • Deprives areas downwind of sediment increasing erosion elsewhere
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5
Q

Sea walls

A

Concrete structures that absorb and reflect wave energy, with a curved surface

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6
Q

2 strengths and 3 limitations of SEA WALLS

A

+ Effective at erosion prevention
+ Promenade has tourism benefits

  • Visually unappealing
  • Expensive to construct and maintain
  • Wave energy reflected elsewhere
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7
Q

Rip Rap (rock armour)

A

Large rocks that reduce wave energy, but allow water to flow through

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8
Q

3 strengths and 3 limitations of RIP RAP

A

+ Cost effective
+ Easy to maintain
+ Can be used for recreation (fishing, sunbathing)

  • Rocks sourced from elsewhere so don’t match the geology
  • Hazard if they are climbed on
  • Can be intrusive
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9
Q

Revetments

A

Wooden/concrete ramps that help absorb wave energy

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10
Q

1 strength and 3 limitations of REVETMENTS

A

+ Cost effective

  • Visually unappealing
  • Intrusive and looks unnatural
  • Need high levels of maintenance
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11
Q

Beach nourishment

A

Sediment is taken from offshore sources to build up the existing beach

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12
Q

3 strengths and 2 limitations of BEACH NOURISHMENT

A

+ Builds up the beach, protects the cliff, increases tourist potential
+ Coat effective
+ Looks natural

  • Needs constant maintenance
  • Sediment needs to be taken from elsewhere
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13
Q

Cliff regrading and drainage

A

Reduces the angle of the cliff to help stabilise it

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14
Q

1 strength and 2 limitations of CLIFF REGRADING AND DRAINAGE

A

+ Cost effective

  • Drained cliffs can dry out and therefore more likely to collapse
  • Regrading effectively causes the cliff to retreat
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15
Q

Dune stabilisation

A

Marram grass planted to stabilise sand dunes

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16
Q

3 strengths and 2 limitations of DUNE STABALISATION

A

+ Cost effective
+ Creates habitats for wildlife
+ Maintains natural environment

  • Planting is time consuming
  • Newly planted areas may be damaged by pedestrians
17
Q

Marsh creation

A

Type of managed retreat allowing low-lying areas to flood

18
Q

2 strengths and 2 limitations of MARSH CREATION

A

+ Creates wildlife habitats
+ Relatively cheap

  • Agricultural land is lost
  • Farmers need to be compensated
19
Q

Cost-benefit analysis

A

Analysis carried out before any form of coastal management takes places
Expected benefits have to outweigh the costs before the project goes ahead

20
Q

Sustainable coastal management

A

Sustainable integrated approaches becoming more widely used
Holistic strategies

21
Q

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)

A

Large sections of coastline are managed with one integrated strategy
ICZM recognises CM must be sustainable, environmental protection is prioritised over economic development
ICZM must involve stakeholders

22
Q

Shoreline Management Plans (SMP’s)

A

Each sediment cell has a SMP
Identifies all activities (human and physical) that occur within that coastline

23
Q

Conflict over policy decisions

A

Winners and losers
Some people will benefit, some will not

24
Q

Impacts of coastal management on sediment cells

A

Types of coastal management can have impacts on other areas of the coastline

25
Q

4 options considered in SMP’s

A

Hold the Line
Advance the Line
Managed retreat
No active intervention

26
Q

Hold the Line

A

Stop further coastal retreat due to erosion (often hard engineering strategies are used)

27
Q

Advance the Line

A

Involves extending the coastline further from the existing shore out to sea (encouraging build up of a wider beach)

28
Q

Managed retreat

A

Coastlines are allowed to retreat in a managed way onto land

29
Q

No active intervention

A

Putting no management schemes in place and allowing natura processes to take their course

Geography (8 decks)

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