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Physiology Exam II > Coagulation > Flashcards

Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

5 main components of hemostatis

A

vascular system, platelet system, coagulation system, anti-coagulation system, fibrinolysis system

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2
Q

Function of vascular system

A

constriction by vascular reduces blood flow to site of injury. Slows flow of platelets passing by injury, allows for better change of adhesion

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3
Q

Function of platelets system

A

form platelet plus at injury sit. Release factors that can induce vasoconstriction.

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4
Q

Function of coagulation system

A

form fibrin clots, further stimulate platelet activation by producing thrombin

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5
Q

Function of anti-coagulation system

A

reduce thrombin formation and destroying thrombin that is already formed

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6
Q

Function of fIbrinolysis system

A

dissolve unnecessary clots formed in undamaged tissues, remove clots after injury has been healed

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7
Q

Names and ligands of main platelet glycoproteins that induce platelet adhesion/activation

A

GPIalpha - von Willebrand Factor
CPVI - collagen
GPIIa/IIIb - fibrinogen

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8
Q

Names and ligands of main G protein coupled receptors that induce platelet adhesion and activation

A

PSy12 - ADP
Protease activated receptor - thrombin
Thromboxane A2 receptor - Thromboxane A2

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9
Q

Function of ADP

A

further acitvate platelets

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10
Q

Function of serotonin

A

further activate platelets, cause vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Function of thromboxane A2

A

further activate platelets, cause vasoconstriction

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12
Q

Function of prostacyclin (PGI2)

A

induces vasodiliation, inhibits platelet adhesion and activation

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13
Q

Where is prostacycline (PGI2) formed

A

vascular endotherlial cells

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14
Q

What roles do platelets play in coagulation cascade

A

provide phospholipids that are used by coagulation factors, secrete factor V

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15
Q

How does thromobin activate platlets

A

activated protease activated receptors (PARs) on surface of platlets

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16
Q

Factor I (fibrinogen) function

A

converts fibrinogen into fibrin, forms fibrin blood clot

17
Q

Factor II (prothrombin) function

A

becomes converted into thrombin which leaves fibrinogen, forming fibrin. also activates factor XIII into XIIIa, which induces crosslinking of fibrin fibers

18
Q

Factor III (tissue) function

A

when injury takes place, it’s exposed to Factor VII contained in blood plasma, then binds to factor VII, activates to VIIa. Tissure cator, factor VIIa and Ca++ form a complex that activates Factor X into Factor Xa

19
Q

Factor IV (Ca++)

A

acts as a cofactor with most coagulation factors

20
Q

Which factors are vit K dependent

A

II, VII, IX, and X (1972)

proteins S, C, and Z

21
Q

Connectives between platelet system and coagulation system

A

platelet phospholipids are sued by coagulation system
platelets release factor V which is part of coagulation system
coagulation system produces thrombin which binds to GPCRs on platelets, causing platelet activation

22
Q

Components of anticoagulation system

A

thrombin/thrombomodulin complex, protein C, protein S, tissue factor inhibotr, antithrombin, herparin sulphate

23
Q

How does heparin sulphate/heperain regulate thrombin and Factor Xa degradation

A

heparin binds to antithrobin III (AT) and activates it. AT inactivates thrombin and factor Xa, preventing coagulation initiation

24
Q

How does thrombin/thromobomodulin complex reduce coagulation

A

bind to and activate protein C, a serine protease. Activated protein C interacts with protein S, inactivates Factors Va and VIIIa

25
Q

Why does the factor V leiden mutation lead to hypercoagulable state

A

because this mutated factor V cannot be deactivated by APC

26
Q

Components of fibrinolytic system

A

plasminogen, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor, alpha2 plasmin inhibitor

27
Q

Plasminogen

A

zymogen that is converted into plasmin

28
Q

Plasmin

A

active serine protease that can cleave fibbrin, thereby dissolving clots

29
Q

tPA

A

activates plasminogen

30
Q

PAI

A

removal and deactivation of tPA to prevent removal of necessary fibrin clots

31
Q

alpha2 plasmin inhibitor

A

inhibits plasmin that is NOT already bound to fibrin in effect to negatively regulate the fibrinolytic system

Physiology Exam II (10 decks)

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