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Physiology Exam II > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 periods of the cardiac cycle?

A 
atrial systole
isovolumic contraction
rapid ejection
reduced ejection
isovolumic relaxation
rapid filling
reduced filling
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2
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in isovolumic contraction

A

ventricular contraction

atrial relaxation

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3
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in rapid ejection

A

ventricular contraction, atrial relaxation

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4
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in reduced ejection

A

ventricular contraction

atrial relaxation

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5
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in isovolumic relaxation

A

ventricular relaxation, atrial relaxation

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6
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in rapid filling

A

ventricular relaxation

atrial relaxation

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7
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in reduced filling

A

ventricular relaxation, atrial relaxation

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8
Q

What is going on with the atria/ventricles in atrial systole

A

ventricular relaxation, atrial contraction

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9
Q

What is going on with values in isovolumric contraction

A

AV closed

P/A closed

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10
Q

What is going on with values in rapid ejection

A

AV closed

P/A open

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11
Q

What is going on with values in reduced ejection

A

AV closed

P/A opened

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12
Q

What is going on with values in isovolumic relaxation

A

AV open

P/A closed

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13
Q

What is going on with values in rapid filling

A

AV open

P/A closed

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14
Q

What is going on with values in reduced filling

A

AV open

P/A closed

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15
Q

What is going on with values in atrial systole

A

AV open

P/A closed

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16
Q

What is responsible for A waves

A

atrial contraction

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17
Q

What is responsible for C waves

A

ventricular contraction beginning

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18
Q

What is responsible for V waves

A

ventricular contrraction continues, atria fill with blood

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19
Q

What is happening in P wave

A

contraction of atria

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20
Q

What is happening PR segment

A

plataue phase for atrial myocytes

21
Q

What is happening in QRS complex

A

isovolumic ocntraction

22
Q

What is happening in ST segment

A

rapid ejection and half of reduced ejection

23
Q

What is happening in T wave

A

last half of reduced ejection

24
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during isovolumic contraction

A

LV - pressure is rising

aorta - pressure is falling

25
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during rapid ejection

A

LV - pressure is rising

aorta - pressure is rising

26
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during reduced ejection

A

LV - pressure if falling

aorta - pressure is falling

27
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during isovolumic relaxation

A

LV - pressure is falling

aorta - pressure falls, but with uptick

28
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during rapid filling

A

LV - pressure is falling

aorta - pressure is falling

29
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during reduced filling

A

LV - pressure is rising

aorta - pressure is falling

30
Q

Describe the pressure changes that could be recorded inside of the L ventricle and inside the aorta during atrial systole

A

LV -pressure is rising

aorta - pressure is falling

31
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during isovolumic contraction

A

max volume and unchanging

32
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during rapid ejection

A

volume drops dramatically

33
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during reduced ejection

A

volume drops dramatically

34
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during reduced ejection

A

volume drops slightly

35
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during isovolumic relaxation

A

volume is low and unchanging

36
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during rapid filling

A

volume increases significantly

37
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during reduced filling

A

volume increases slightly

38
Q

Describe the volume changes that occur in the left ventricle during atrial systole

A

volume is kicked up about 15% more

39
Q

How are HR and SV related?

A

inversely, HR goes up, SV goes down

40
Q

How does a drug that slows conduction through the AV node reduce ventricular reponse rape and increase cardiac output during atrial fibrillation

A

slowing the conduction through the AV node dampens ventricular myocyte depolarization, which reduces response, lowers HR, increases SV

41
Q

What’s going on durin gS1

A

beginning of isovolumic contraction (AV valves close)

42
Q

What’s going on during S2

A

beginning of isovolumic relaxation (semilunar valves close)

43
Q

What’s going on in S3

A

at the end of rapid filling, when ventricular mycocytes reach maximum passive stretch length and the chordae tendinae/ AV ring get pulled taut

44
Q

What’s going on in S4

A

at the end of atrial systole due to increase in ventricular pressure, is lower with stiffer ventricle always pathological

45
Q

What is a diastolic murmur

A

after S2 and before S1 - mitral valve stenosis

46
Q

What is a systolic murmur

A

after S1 and before S2, mitral regurgitation

47
Q

What happens during splitting of second heart sound

A

aortic valve closed BEFORE the pulmonic valve, occurs with inspiration.

48
Q

Why does left bundle brane block and severe hypertension result in paradoxical splitting of S2

A

conductino through LV is delayed, therefore the pulmonic valve closes before the aortic. only occurs during exhalation

Physiology Exam II (10 decks)

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