Blood Pressure Regulation Flashcards
How do you calculate estimated mean pressure of an artery when given systolic/diastolic pressure
1/3 (SBP-DBP) + DBP
why does pressure pulse travel faster than blood within an artery
because arteries become less compliant as they travel away from the heart, the velocity of the pressure pulse increases as it leaves the heart, but cross-sectional area increase as you move away from the heart, so the pressure pulse moves faster than blood flow
What happens to diastolic pressure as you move away from th heart
decreases
What happens to arterial diastolic pressure with vasoconstriction
increases
What happens to capillary hydrostatic pressure with vasoconstriction
decreases (higher diastolic pressure results in less blood getting to the arteriole, and therefore less blood gets to capillaires)
What happens to diastolic pressure with vasodilation
decreases
What happens to capillary hydrostatic pressure with vasodilation
increases
What is the effect of increases sympathetic tone on arteriolar diameter and diastolic bp
vasocondtriction, decreases diameter of arterioles due to alpha 1 receptors, increases diastolic pressure
What is the effect of decreased sympathetic tone on arteriolar diameter and diastolic bp
vasodilation , decreased diastolic pressure
What are the 4 medullary cardiovascular centers that are important in controlling bp
vasoconstriction center
vasodilation center
carioinhibtory center
cardioexcitatory center
Vasoconstriction center
contains cell types that cause vasoconstriction when stimulated
Vasodiliation center
contains cell types that cause vasodilation when stimulated
Cardioinhibitory center
contains cells that increase vagal tone when stimulated, which decreases HR
cardioexcitory center
contains cell types that increase the sympathetic effect on heart (increase HR, contractility, conduction velocity)
Effect of acute decrease in arterial BP on vasoconstrictor center
increase activation
Effect of acute decrease in arterial BP on cardioexcitatory center
increase activation
Effect of acute decrease in arterial BP on cardioinhiboty center
decreased activation
Effect of acute increase in arterial bp on vasoconstrictor center
decreased activation
Effect of acute increase in arterial bp on cardioexcitatory center
decreased activation
Effect of acute increase in arterial bp on cardioinhibitory center
increased activation
What is the effect of a decrease in PO2, increase in PCO2 and decrease in pH on neurons in vasocontrictor center
all increase activation of the vasoconstrictor center in order to increase HR and blood flow to brain
2 functions of sympathetic cholinergic fibers
innervations of sweat glands- thermoregulation
vasodiliation of arterioles in skeletal muscles prior to exercise
affect of acute decrease in bp on the firing response from a carotid sinus barorectpro
decreased bp causes less stretch on barorecptors, results in excitation of vasoconstrictor center
affect of an acute increase in bp on the firing response from a carotid sinus baroreceptor
increased bp causes less stretch on baroreceptors which results in inhibition of basoconstrictor center
Cartoid sinus reflex
when you stand from sitting your blood has to push against gravity, therefore decreasing pressure which stimulated vasoconstriction center (increases HR, contractility, BP, and venous return)
changes in systemic cap filtration and reabsorption following long term responses to lowered bp
decreased filtration, increased reabsorption (increased plasma volume/arterial bp)
changes in aterial pressure on ADH release following long term responses to lowered bp
increased ADH release, which results in renal retention of water, increases plasma volume and arterial bp
changes in atrial pressure and atriopeptin release following long term responses to lowered bp
inhibition of ANF
Changes in GFR following long term responses to lowered bp
decreases due to less blood flowing into glomeruli
changes in sympatetic tone and renin angiotensin aldosterone system fwllowing long term responses to lowered bp
increased sympathetic tone
increase aldosterone production
Major receptors involved in vasodilation/which part of ANS
inhibit alpha-1
SANS
Major receptors involved in vasoconstriction / which part of ANS
activate alpha-1 receptors
SANS
major receptors involved in increased HR, which part of ANS
activate beta-1 receptors
SANS
Major receptors involed in decreased HR, which part of ANS
activate cardioinhibitory center, stimulates vagus nerve
PANS
Major receptors involved in increased contractility, which part of ANS
activate beta-1 receptors
SANS
Major receptors involved in decreased contractility, which part of ANS
activate cardioinhibitory center, stimulates vagus nerve, PANS, (minimal effect tho)
Why does carotid sinus massage eliminate supraventricular tachycardia
stimulates the carotid baroreceptors, which results in increased vagal tone, which slows the HR
