Blood Pressure Regulation

Question 1

How do you calculate estimated mean pressure of an artery when given systolic/diastolic pressure

Answer 1

1/3 (SBP-DBP) + DBP

Question 2

why does pressure pulse travel faster than blood within an artery

Answer 2

because arteries become less compliant as they travel away from the heart, the velocity of the pressure pulse increases as it leaves the heart, but cross-sectional area increase as you move away from the heart, so the pressure pulse moves faster than blood flow

Question 3

What happens to diastolic pressure as you move away from th heart

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

What happens to arterial diastolic pressure with vasoconstriction

Answer 4

increases

Question 5

What happens to capillary hydrostatic pressure with vasoconstriction

Answer 5

decreases (higher diastolic pressure results in less blood getting to the arteriole, and therefore less blood gets to capillaires)

Question 6

What happens to diastolic pressure with vasodilation

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

What happens to capillary hydrostatic pressure with vasodilation

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

What is the effect of increases sympathetic tone on arteriolar diameter and diastolic bp

Answer 8

vasocondtriction, decreases diameter of arterioles due to alpha 1 receptors, increases diastolic pressure

Question 9

What is the effect of decreased sympathetic tone on arteriolar diameter and diastolic bp

Answer 9

vasodilation , decreased diastolic pressure

Question 10

What are the 4 medullary cardiovascular centers that are important in controlling bp

Answer 10

vasoconstriction center
vasodilation center
carioinhibtory center
cardioexcitatory center

Question 11

Vasoconstriction center

Answer 11

contains cell types that cause vasoconstriction when stimulated

Question 12

Vasodiliation center

Answer 12

contains cell types that cause vasodilation when stimulated

Question 13

Cardioinhibitory center

Answer 13

contains cells that increase vagal tone when stimulated, which decreases HR

Question 14

cardioexcitory center

Answer 14

contains cell types that increase the sympathetic effect on heart (increase HR, contractility, conduction velocity)

Question 15

Effect of acute decrease in arterial BP on vasoconstrictor center

Answer 15

increase activation

Question 16

Effect of acute decrease in arterial BP on cardioexcitatory center

Answer 16

increase activation

Question 17

Effect of acute decrease in arterial BP on cardioinhiboty center

Answer 17

decreased activation

Question 18

Effect of acute increase in arterial bp on vasoconstrictor center

Answer 18

decreased activation

Question 19

Effect of acute increase in arterial bp on cardioexcitatory center

Answer 19

decreased activation

Question 20

Effect of acute increase in arterial bp on cardioinhibitory center

Answer 20

increased activation

Question 21

What is the effect of a decrease in PO2, increase in PCO2 and decrease in pH on neurons in vasocontrictor center

Answer 21

all increase activation of the vasoconstrictor center in order to increase HR and blood flow to brain

Question 22

2 functions of sympathetic cholinergic fibers

Answer 22

innervations of sweat glands- thermoregulation

vasodiliation of arterioles in skeletal muscles prior to exercise

Question 23

affect of acute decrease in bp on the firing response from a carotid sinus barorectpro

Answer 23

decreased bp causes less stretch on barorecptors, results in excitation of vasoconstrictor center

Question 24

affect of an acute increase in bp on the firing response from a carotid sinus baroreceptor

Answer 24

increased bp causes less stretch on baroreceptors which results in inhibition of basoconstrictor center

Question 25

Cartoid sinus reflex

Answer 25

when you stand from sitting your blood has to push against gravity, therefore decreasing pressure which stimulated vasoconstriction center (increases HR, contractility, BP, and venous return)

Question 26

changes in systemic cap filtration and reabsorption following long term responses to lowered bp

Answer 26

decreased filtration, increased reabsorption (increased plasma volume/arterial bp)

Question 27

changes in aterial pressure on ADH release following long term responses to lowered bp

Answer 27

increased ADH release, which results in renal retention of water, increases plasma volume and arterial bp

Question 28

changes in atrial pressure and atriopeptin release following long term responses to lowered bp

Answer 28

inhibition of ANF

Question 29

Changes in GFR following long term responses to lowered bp

Answer 29

decreases due to less blood flowing into glomeruli

Question 30

changes in sympatetic tone and renin angiotensin aldosterone system fwllowing long term responses to lowered bp

Answer 30

increased sympathetic tone

increase aldosterone production

Question 31

Major receptors involved in vasodilation/which part of ANS

Answer 31

inhibit alpha-1

SANS

Question 32

Major receptors involved in vasoconstriction / which part of ANS

Answer 32

activate alpha-1 receptors

SANS

Question 33

major receptors involved in increased HR, which part of ANS

Answer 33

activate beta-1 receptors

SANS

Question 34

Major receptors involed in decreased HR, which part of ANS

Answer 34

activate cardioinhibitory center, stimulates vagus nerve

PANS

Question 35

Major receptors involved in increased contractility, which part of ANS

Answer 35

activate beta-1 receptors

SANS

Question 36

Major receptors involved in decreased contractility, which part of ANS

Answer 36

activate cardioinhibitory center, stimulates vagus nerve, PANS, (minimal effect tho)

Question 37

Why does carotid sinus massage eliminate supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 37

stimulates the carotid baroreceptors, which results in increased vagal tone, which slows the HR