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Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular complexes that allow proximity of venous and arterial blood, seen in cattle, involved in pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever?

A

Rete mirabilia

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2
Q

Which provides the major structural framework of the ECM?

A

type 1 collagen

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3
Q

The type of endothelium that only allows passage of H20, CO2, O2 and ions?

A

continuous

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4
Q

type of capillary endothelium in BBB, muscle, lung, and bone

A

continuous

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5
Q

the type of endothelium that allows transfer of small molecules and limited amounts of protein, involved in filtration

A

fenestrated

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6
Q

type of capillary endothelium in glomeruli, intestinal villi, endocrine glands, choroid plexus, ciliary processes?

A

fenestrated

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7
Q

type of capillary endothelium in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow?

A

discontinuous/sinusoidal

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8
Q

The type of endothelium that allows free transfer of proteins, red and white blood cells, water, and most molecules?

A

discontinuous/sinusoidal

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9
Q

What % of total body water is extracellular and intracellular?

A

2/3 intracellular, 1/3 extracellular (80% interstitial, 20% plasma)

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10
Q

4 main vasoactive mediators that cause immediate increase in vascular permeability

A

histamine, bradykinin, substance P, leukotrienes

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11
Q

endothelium-derived vasodilators (3)

A

NO, PGI2, c-type natriuretic peptide

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12
Q

endothelium-derived vasocontrictors (4)

A

Endothelin, ROS, angiotensin II, thromboxane A2

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13
Q

PGI2, TFPi, tpA, protein S, and thrombomodulin are all substances released from the endothelium that have what effect on coagulation?

A

antihemostatic (along with heparan sulfate, ADPase, ATPase)

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14
Q

PAI and PAR are released from the endothelium and have what effect on coagulation?

A

hemostatic (along with vWF and TF)

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15
Q

What is the role of Annexin II?

A

fibrinolysis

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16
Q

Which two platelet phospholipids are exposed during platelet aggregation?

A

phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine

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17
Q

platelet receptor for vWF?

A

GPIb

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18
Q

which platelet granules contain ADP?

A

dense

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19
Q

fibrinogen platelet receptor?

A

GPIIb/IIIa

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20
Q

extrinsic tenase complex

A

TF:VIIa

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21
Q

intrinsic tenase complex

A

IXa/VIIIa

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22
Q

in the cell based model of hemostasis, which pathway is most important during the initiation phase?

A

extrinsic

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23
Q

The thrombin generated by the activation of the intrinsic tenase complex by the extrinsic pathway activates which clotting factors (propagation)

A

5, 8, 11, 13

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24
Q

What cleaves vWF from FVIII?

A

Thrombin

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24
Q

Which is more effective at activating factor X - intrinsic tenase or extrinsic tenase complex?

A

intrinsic tenase complex 50x more effective

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25
Q

what activates FXIII?

A

Xa and thrombin

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26
Q

which clotting factor cross links fibrin to make it insoluble?

A

13

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27
Q

Platelet adhesion molecule

A

p-selectin

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28
Q

5 things in platelet alpha granules

A

AFV: Fibrinogen, FV, vWF, PDGF, TGFb

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29
Q

Collagen platelet receptor

A

GPIb/IIa

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30
Q

disease caused by a deficiency of GPIb/IIa

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

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31
Q

receptor via which thrombin activates platelets

A

PAR-1 (GPCR)

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32
Q

two big platelet activators

A

thrombin, ADP

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33
Q

receptor via which ADP activates platelets

A

P2Y1 and P2Y12

34
Q

Hageman factor

35
Q

clotting factor deficiency’s that would lead to moderate-severe hemorrhage

A

2 (incompatible with life), 5, 7, 8, 9, 10

36
Q

Hemophilia A

A

Factor 8 deficiency

37
Q

Hemophilia B

A

Factor 9 deficiency

38
Q

factor deficiency that would result in mild bleeding or even thrombosis

A

Factor 11 mild bleeding, Factor 12 no bleeding or thrombosis

39
Q

most important activator of factor 9

A

extrinsic tenase complex (factor 7a and TF)

40
Q

most important activator of factor 10

A

intrinsic tenase complex (factor 9a and 8a)

41
Q

Role of plasmin

A

breaks down fibrin, interferes with fibin polymerization

42
Q

two things that can cleave plasminogen to plasmin

A

factor 12, tPA (and urokinase)

43
Q

when is plasmin most active?

A

when bound to fibrin

44
Q

what inhibits plasmin?

A

a2-plasmin inhibitor

45
Q

enzyme that produces platelet inhibitor PGI2?

46
Q

enzyme that produces platelet inhibitor NO?

47
Q

Thrombin exerts is anti-thrombotic effects by binding thrombomodulin and activation what?

48
Q

role of thrombin:protein C: protein S complex

A

anticoagulant - inactivates factors 5 and 8

49
Q

what activates antithrombin III?

A

heparin like molecules on endothelium

50
Q

4 things inhibited by antithrombin?

A

thrombin, factors 9, 10, 11, 12 + 7? (zachary)

51
Q

cofactor for tissue factor pathway inhibitor?

52
Q

What is inhibited by TFPi?

A

extrinsic tenase (TF:VIIa)

53
Q

When is plasmin protected from its inhibitor alpha-2-antiplasmin?

A

when bound to fibrin

54
Q

3 ways that FDPs inhibit hemostasis

A

inhibit thrombin, inhibit platelet aggregation, impair fibrin polymerization

55
Q

the most potent and clinically significant coagulation inhibitor?

56
Q

Protein S can independently inhibit which coagulation factors

57
Q

potent inhibitor of factor 11a

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin

58
Q

role of plasminogen activator inhibitors?

A

inhibit fibrinolysis, promote fibrin stabilization.

59
Q

which factor is directly activated by Kallikrein

60
Q

is bradykinin vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive?

A

vasodilator

61
Q

Disease that causes decreased platelet storage of ADP

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

62
Q

how does moldy sweet clover cause bleeding?

A

inhibit conversion of glutamic acid residues into y-carboxyglutamic acid

63
Q

red thrombi vs. pale thrombi, slow vs. fast blood flow, venous vs. arterial

A

Red thrombi = slow blood, venous flow Pale thrombi = fast blood flow, arterial

64
Q

most common cause of hypercoagulability?

A

inflammation

65
Q

Which endothelial receptors cause vasodilation and increased blood flow when stimulated by epinephrine?

A

beta 2 receptors (most abundant in cardiac and skeletal muscle)

66
Q

which endothelial receptors induces vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow?

A

alpha receptors (absent in the brain)

67
Q

electrocution would result in which type of shock?

A

neurogenic

68
Q

during which type of shock are cytokines not a major initial cause of vasodilation?

A

neurogenic

69
Q

the generalized Schwartzman reaction is an experimental model for which type of shock?

70
Q

LPS directly activates which clotting factor?

71
Q

Three components of virchow’s triad?

A

Endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, abnormal blood flow

72
Q

endothelial cells activated by inflammatory cytokines downregulate which anti-coagulant protein?

A

Thrombomodulin

73
Q

hypercoagulability with aging may be due to decreased what?

74
Q

which component of platelet alpha granules binds heparan?

75
Q

clotting factors released from neoplastic cells that contributes to risk of migratory thrombophlebitis?

76
Q

venous embolus that gains access to arterial circulation?

A

paradoxical embolism

77
Q

cytokine release syndrome is a SIRs like syndrome in cancer patients could be caused by which therapy?

A

CAR T-cell therapy

78
Q

which type of receptor detects bacterial peptides?

79
Q

mediators upregulated during septic shock

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, IFNy, HMBG1

80
Q

what effect does hyperglycemia have on neutrophil function?

A

impairs it

81
Q

what causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

superantigens

82
Q

What is the only coagulation protein that is permanently attached to the membrane surface?

Phase 1 (10 decks)

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