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GCSE stuff: Bio- Unit 1 > Co-ordination and Control: Stimulus Response > Flashcards

Co-ordination and Control: Stimulus Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

a change in surroundings that an organism can detect

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2
Q

What is a receptor?

A

a specialised cell which detects stimuli

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3
Q

How do receptors respond?

A

they change their energy into electrical impulses

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4
Q

What are the five types of sense organs?

A
  • eyes
  • ears
  • nose
  • tongue
  • skin
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5
Q

What receptors are found in the eyes?

A

light receptors

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6
Q

What is the structure of a retina cell?

A
  • similar to animal cell

- has nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane

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7
Q

What receptors are found in the ears?

A
  • sound receptors

- balance receptors

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8
Q

What are balance receptors sensitive to?

A

changes in position

enable us to keep or balance

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9
Q

What receptors are found in the nose?

A

chemoreceptors (smell receptors)

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10
Q

What receptors are found in the tongue?

A

taste receptors

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11
Q

What are taste receptors sensitive to?

A
  • chemicals

- types of tastes: bitter/ sweet/ savoury

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12
Q

What receptors are found in the skin?

A

skin receptors

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13
Q

What are skin receptors sensitive to?

A
  • touch
  • pressure
  • pain
  • temperature
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14
Q

five stages of stimulus response

A
  • stimulus
  • receptors
  • co-ordinator
  • effector
  • response
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15
Q

What is the coordinator?

A
  • CNS: where incoming information is processed

- brain / spinal cord

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16
Q

What is the effector?

A

muscles / gland

17
Q

How do muscles respond?

A

contract

18
Q

How do glands respond?

A

secrete hormones

19
Q

what is a reflex arc?

A

an automatic response to a stimulus for protection against damage in shortest input output response involving three neurones

20
Q

What is a neuron?

A

a single nerve cell

21
Q

What are the three types of neurones?

A
  • sensory
  • relay
  • motor
22
Q

What is a synapse?

A
  • region where one nerve ends and another one starts

- releases a chemical to transfer info via diffusion

23
Q

Features of motor neurones

A
  • branches
  • elongated section
  • surrounds
24
Q

How do branches help the neuron?

A

allows inputs from different points

pick up more than one piece of info at a time

25
Q

How does the elongated section help the neuron?

A
  • transfers info to different parts of body

up to 1 metre long

26
Q

How do surrounds help the neuron?

A

layer of insulation for electrical impulses to prevent them from changing neurones

GCSE stuff: Bio- Unit 1 (16 decks)

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