Adaptations for Survival: Plants/Animals Flashcards
1
Q
What do organisms require in order to survive and reproduce?
A
- materials from their surroundings and other organisms living there
2
Q
What do plants need?
A
- light
- carbon dioxide
- water
- oxygen
- nutrients
3
Q
What temperatures do most organisms live in?
A
below 40 degrees so enzymes can work
4
Q
What are extremophiles?
A
micro-organisms that are adapted to live in extreme environments where enzymes would not usually work
5
Q
What conditions can extremophiles live in?
A
- high levels of salt
- high temperature
- high pressure
6
Q
Adaptations of Desert Animals
A
- large surface to volume ratio - keep cool
- efficient with water: small amounts of concentrated urine/ little sweat
- thin coats/ layers of body fat - keep cool
- camouflage - avoid predators/sneak up on prey
- feed at night - keep cool in the day
7
Q
Adaptations of Arctic Animals
A
- compact shape: small surface to volume ratio - reduces heat loss
- thick layer of blubber - insulation/energy store
- thick coats - keep body heat
- greasy fur - sheds water - prevents cooling for evaporation
- camouflage - avoid predators/sneak up on prey
8
Q
Adaptations of Plants
A
- dark, green leaves - maximise photosynthesis
- waxy, shiny leaves - conserve water
- thick, fleshy stems - lots of tissues for water storage
- widespread roots - more water absorbed
9
Q
Adaptations of Desert Plants
A
- small surface to volume ratio - reduces water loss
- extensive root systems: more moisture (close to ground/deep)
- water storage tissues - thick stems
10
Q
Adaptations to Avoid Predators
A
- armour: thorns/ spikes/ shells
- poisons
- warning colours
