Co-operation And Altruism Flashcards
What are the levels of selection?
- George Williams: adaptation and natural selection
- individual who takes more than his share of resources
- outcompetes rest of group and produces more selfish offspring
- group becomes
What are the problems of group living?
- free riders
Eg the velvet money - according to nature selection free riders should prosper
What are immortal coils?
Genes
What is behaviour that benefits another at a cost to oneself?
- parental care
- sharing food
- alarm calls
- alliances
What’s the genes eye view?
- relatedness
- in diploid species a gene has 50% chance of being passed onto offspring
What is hamitons rule?
Imagine a gene for altruism.
- benefit =b
- cost = c
B7 R donor to offspring
— ————————
C R to recipient offspring
What is social insects?
The pinnacle of cooperation
What is the definition of eusociality?
- reproduction division of labour
- cooperation are of young
- overlapping generations
- evolved independently repeatedly
What is hapiodiploidy?
Relatedness in Hymenoptera
What is the evolution of eusociality?
- natural selection favours a sisters investment in her mothers reproduction rather than her own
What are eusocial models?
- love in desert regions of East Africa
- upto 80 individuals in colony but only one female breeds (queen)
What is evolution of reciprocity?
- in one shot PD, defection is stable
- axelrod 1984 organised a computer tournament of iterated pd
What is reciprocal altruism in nature?
- blood melas in vampire bats (Wilkenson 1984)
- regurgitation is a non zero sum game
What is evolution of ethics?
The golden rule
- do unto others as you would have then do unto you
