1. Evolutionary Approach To Behaviour Flashcards
What is the adee penguin?
Antarctic —-> steals rocks for sex
What is the honey bee?
Wagle dance ——> allows it to communicate to its colnaey mates ——–> aware of what time of day it is ——> changes it’s dance
What is the icnamom wasp?
Female ——–> lays eggs into skin of host such as cats pillar ——–> lavi eat catapiller inside out
What is the crow?
Smartest animal documented ‘Betty the crow’ taught to use tools and make tools to solve tasks
What is the red sided garter snake?
North America ——-> rises from hibanation spring time —–> males come out first and hang around burrows until females come out —–> drawn to female by THERAMONES ——> mating ball which gets really hot
What is biological control?
Using one special to train another
What are the principles of evolution?
Adaptations
Homology and analogy
Timbergs 4 whys
Levels of selection
What is the definition of evolution?
It means change:
Change over time of allele frequencies in population
What is morphology?
Way and organism looks
What is speciation?
Process of which new species are produced
What is extinction?
Species go extinct
Who was Alfred Russell Wallace?
Biologist who developed the idea of evolution and natural selection
Who is Charles Darwin?
Much more popular but also had the idea of evolution and natural selection
What is natural selection?
Variation
Inheritance
Selection
What does natural selection produce?
Evolutionary change
What was Galapagos Island?
- Darwin’s finches
Different kind of finches in different Galápagos Islands
Colonised across Islands
What is adaptive radiation?
Species move to new environment with not much competition
What is the phylogenetic tree of life?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eucarya
What is Lamarckism?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
2 mechanisms of inheritance are:
Genes
DNA
MITOSIS - 2 daughter cells
MIOSIS - 2 or more daughter cells
What is variation?
Genetic mutation and recombination
What is the central dogma?
DNA make RNA which make protein
What’s a genotype?
Genetic information
What’s a phenotype?
Observable characteristics
What is the currency of selection?
- selection acts to maximise fitness
- consists of survival and reproduction
- fittest variants are preserved through time
What is adaptation?
- process by which organisms improve their fitness
E.g judge John E Jones 3rd —-> trial in America 2005 creating vs evolution teaching in schools
What are the misconceptions about evolution?
- it’s just a theory
- so is gravity
- one species evolves into another
What is the evidence of evolution?
- fossils
- comparison of organisms
- geographical disturbance of life
- modern observed examples
What are the similarities between organisms?
Two reasons:
Homology - due to common ancestor.
Analogy - due to other factors
What are homologies?
The tetrapods limb
Eg. Human/whales/ lizard = similar bone structure
What are analogies?
Sharks and dolphins are as they don’t share a common ancestor at all:
Shark = cartilaginous fish
Dolphins = mammals
What is the evolutionary theory?
Timbergens 4 whys (1963)
Proximate =hormones/ nervous system
Phylogentic = evolutionary history
Ontogenetic = nature vs nurture
Functional = ultimate reasons
