1. Evolutionary Approach To Behaviour

Question 0

What is the adee penguin?

Answer 0

Antarctic —-> steals rocks for sex

Question 1

What is the honey bee?

Answer 1

Wagle dance ——> allows it to communicate to its colnaey mates ——–> aware of what time of day it is ——> changes it’s dance

Question 2

What is the icnamom wasp?

Answer 2

Female ——–> lays eggs into skin of host such as cats pillar ——–> lavi eat catapiller inside out

Question 3

What is the crow?

Answer 3

Smartest animal documented ‘Betty the crow’ taught to use tools and make tools to solve tasks

Question 4

What is the red sided garter snake?

Answer 4

North America ——-> rises from hibanation spring time —–> males come out first and hang around burrows until females come out —–> drawn to female by THERAMONES ——> mating ball which gets really hot

Question 5

What is biological control?

Answer 5

Using one special to train another

Question 6

What are the principles of evolution?

Answer 6

Adaptations
Homology and analogy
Timbergs 4 whys
Levels of selection

Question 7

What is the definition of evolution?

Answer 7

It means change:

Change over time of allele frequencies in population

Question 8

What is morphology?

Answer 8

Way and organism looks

Question 9

What is speciation?

Answer 9

Process of which new species are produced

Question 10

What is extinction?

Answer 10

Species go extinct

Question 11

Who was Alfred Russell Wallace?

Answer 11

Biologist who developed the idea of evolution and natural selection

Question 12

Who is Charles Darwin?

Answer 12

Much more popular but also had the idea of evolution and natural selection

Question 13

What is natural selection?

Answer 13

Variation

Inheritance

Selection

Question 14

What does natural selection produce?

Answer 14

Evolutionary change

Question 15

What was Galapagos Island?

Answer 15

• Darwin’s finches

Different kind of finches in different Galápagos Islands

Colonised across Islands

Question 16

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 16

Species move to new environment with not much competition

Question 17

What is the phylogenetic tree of life?

Answer 17

Bacteria

Archaea

Eucarya

Question 18

What is Lamarckism?

Answer 18

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 19

2 mechanisms of inheritance are:

Answer 19

Genes
DNA

MITOSIS - 2 daughter cells

MIOSIS - 2 or more daughter cells

Question 20

What is variation?

Answer 20

Genetic mutation and recombination

Question 21

What is the central dogma?

Answer 21

DNA make RNA which make protein

Question 22

What’s a genotype?

Answer 22

Genetic information

Question 23

What’s a phenotype?

Answer 23

Observable characteristics

Question 24

What is the currency of selection?

Answer 24

• selection acts to maximise fitness
• consists of survival and reproduction
• fittest variants are preserved through time

Question 25

What is adaptation?

Answer 25

• process by which organisms improve their fitness

E.g judge John E Jones 3rd —-> trial in America 2005 creating vs evolution teaching in schools

Question 26

What are the misconceptions about evolution?

Answer 26

• it’s just a theory
• so is gravity
• one species evolves into another

Question 27

What is the evidence of evolution?

Answer 27

• fossils
• comparison of organisms
• geographical disturbance of life
• modern observed examples

Question 28

What are the similarities between organisms?

Answer 28

Two reasons:

Homology - due to common ancestor.

Analogy - due to other factors

Question 29

What are homologies?

Answer 29

The tetrapods limb

Eg. Human/whales/ lizard = similar bone structure

Question 30

What are analogies?

Answer 30

Sharks and dolphins are as they don’t share a common ancestor at all:

Shark = cartilaginous fish

Dolphins = mammals

Question 31

What is the evolutionary theory?

Timbergens 4 whys (1963)

Answer 31

Proximate =hormones/ nervous system

Phylogentic = evolutionary history

Ontogenetic = nature vs nurture

Functional = ultimate reasons