CNS/Sensory I

Question 1

In the nervous system, afferent neurons are responsible for […]

Answer 1

Sensory input.

Question 2

The cell bodies and axons of afferent neurons are located […]

Answer 2

Out of the CNS and in the CNS respectively.

Question 3

In the nervous system, efferent neurons are responsible for […]

Answer 3

Motor output

Question 4

The cell bodies and axons of efferent neurons are located […]

Answer 4

In the CNS, out of the CNS

Question 5

The role of cranial nerves is […]

Answer 5

Carrying somatic, visual, olfactory, taste, auditory, and vestibular information (senses)

Question 6

The role of spinal nerves is […]

Answer 6

Transportation of sensory inputs such as touch, temperature, and pain into the CNS.

Question 7

The role of somatic efferents is […]

Answer 7

To innervate skeletal muscle, allowing voluntary movement.

Question 8

What type of neurons are somatic efferents?

Answer 8

They are only excitatory and release (ACh).

Question 9

The role of autonomic efferents is […]

Answer 9

Innervation of interneurons and control smooth/cardiac muscle.

Question 10

What types of neurons are autonomic efferents?

Answer 10

They can be excitatory and inhibitory

Question 11

What are enteric efferents?

Answer 11

They come out of the CNS and innervate the digestive tract.

Question 12

When the spinal cords enters the skull, it becomes the […]

Answer 12

Brain stem

Question 13

What are the 3 divisions of the brainstem?

Answer 13

From top to bottom: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla

Question 14

What are the three major components of the brain? Describe the difference between them.

Answer 14

The cerebrum (cerebral cortex): the wrinkly outside of the brain, grey matter
The corpus callosum: made up of axons, white matter
Cerebellum: contains almost half your total neurons, sits below cerebrum.

Question 15

What are the 4 major components of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 15

The frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

Question 16

The wrinkles in the cerebellum are called […], and the spaces between them are called […]

Answer 16

Gyrus, sulcus

Question 17

Name the most important sulcus.

Answer 17

The central sulcus.

Question 18

What is the difference between grey and white matter in the brain? How are they organized?

Answer 18

Grey matter is where the neurons are, while white matter is where the (myelinated) axons are. 2 mm of grey matter is located on the outside of white matter, lining it.

Question 19

What are the ganglia/nuclei in the brain?

Answer 19

They are a collection of neuron cell bodies.

Question 20

What is the limbic system?

Answer 20

A collection of nuclei inside the cerebral hemispheres. It is liked to emotions and the olfactory system.

Question 21

What are ventricles in the brain?

Answer 21

They are cavities in the brain where your cerebral spinal fluid is produced.

Question 22

How many pairs of nerves are there in the spinal cord?

Answer 22

31.

Question 23

Describe the organization of each pair of nerves in the spinal cord.

Answer 23

Each consists of a nerve on either side of a disk called a spinal segment.

Question 24

Describe the major types of nerve pairs along the spinal cord and how many there are of each.

Answer 24

From top to bottom:
8 cervical nerves
12 thoracic nerves
5 lumbar nerves
5 sacral nerves
1 pair of coccygeal nerves

Question 25

What parts of the body do cervical nerves affect?

Answer 25

Neck, shoulders, arms, and hands

Question 26

What parts of the body do thoracic nerves affect?

Answer 26

Shoulders, chest, upper abdominal wall

Question 27

What parts of the body do lumbar nerves affect?

Answer 27

Lower abdominal wall, hips, and legs

Question 28

What parts of the body do sacral nerves affect?

Answer 28

Genitals and lower digestive tract