CNS/Sensory I Flashcards
In the nervous system, afferent neurons are responsible for […]
Sensory input.
The cell bodies and axons of afferent neurons are located […]
Out of the CNS and in the CNS respectively.
In the nervous system, efferent neurons are responsible for […]
Motor output
The cell bodies and axons of efferent neurons are located […]
In the CNS, out of the CNS
The role of cranial nerves is […]
Carrying somatic, visual, olfactory, taste, auditory, and vestibular information (senses)
The role of spinal nerves is […]
Transportation of sensory inputs such as touch, temperature, and pain into the CNS.
The role of somatic efferents is […]
To innervate skeletal muscle, allowing voluntary movement.
What type of neurons are somatic efferents?
They are only excitatory and release (ACh).
The role of autonomic efferents is […]
Innervation of interneurons and control smooth/cardiac muscle.
What types of neurons are autonomic efferents?
They can be excitatory and inhibitory
What are enteric efferents?
They come out of the CNS and innervate the digestive tract.
When the spinal cords enters the skull, it becomes the […]
Brain stem
What are the 3 divisions of the brainstem?
From top to bottom: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
What are the three major components of the brain? Describe the difference between them.
The cerebrum (cerebral cortex): the wrinkly outside of the brain, grey matter
The corpus callosum: made up of axons, white matter
Cerebellum: contains almost half your total neurons, sits below cerebrum.
What are the 4 major components of the cerebral cortex?
The frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
The wrinkles in the cerebellum are called […], and the spaces between them are called […]
Gyrus, sulcus
Name the most important sulcus.
The central sulcus.
What is the difference between grey and white matter in the brain? How are they organized?
Grey matter is where the neurons are, while white matter is where the (myelinated) axons are. 2 mm of grey matter is located on the outside of white matter, lining it.
What are the ganglia/nuclei in the brain?
They are a collection of neuron cell bodies.
What is the limbic system?
A collection of nuclei inside the cerebral hemispheres. It is liked to emotions and the olfactory system.
What are ventricles in the brain?
They are cavities in the brain where your cerebral spinal fluid is produced.
How many pairs of nerves are there in the spinal cord?
31.
Describe the organization of each pair of nerves in the spinal cord.
Each consists of a nerve on either side of a disk called a spinal segment.
Describe the major types of nerve pairs along the spinal cord and how many there are of each.
From top to bottom:
8 cervical nerves
12 thoracic nerves
5 lumbar nerves
5 sacral nerves
1 pair of coccygeal nerves
What parts of the body do cervical nerves affect?
Neck, shoulders, arms, and hands
What parts of the body do thoracic nerves affect?
Shoulders, chest, upper abdominal wall
What parts of the body do lumbar nerves affect?
Lower abdominal wall, hips, and legs
What parts of the body do sacral nerves affect?
Genitals and lower digestive tract
