Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHGY 209 > Blood I > Flashcards

Blood I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the blood?

A

Transport, acid-base balance, and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 5 transport roles that the blood plays.

A

Nutritive, respiratory (transport of gases), excretory, hormone transport, and temperature regulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.30-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 major components of the blood? State their percentages.

A

Plasma (55%), buffy layer (<1%, WBCs and platelets), red blood cells (45%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between studying blood in vivo and in vitro?

A

In vivo means that it’s studied in the intact individual, while in vitro means that it’s studied in a test tube or petri dish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What proportion of the body mass does blood make up?

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the approximate quantity of blood in the standard physiological reference individual?

A

5 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Having a normal blood volume is called […]

A

Normovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Having a lower blood volume than normal is called […]

A

Hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Having higher blood volume than normal is called […]

A

Hypervolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

It is the percentage of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal hematocrit value?

A

Around 45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Knowing that blood has a volume of about 5 L and that normal hematocrit is 45%, what is the total blood volume occupied by red blood cells? By plasma?

A

2.25 L, 2.75 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 major components of plasma?

A

Water, ions, nutrients and wastes, respiratory gases, and proteins (colloids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The plasma is […]% water

A

> 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the major and minor ions in plasma?

A

Major: Na+ Cl-
Minor: K+, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++, PO4–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the major nutrients found in the plasma?

A

Glucose, amino acids, lipids such as cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides.

18
Q

Give 2 examples of wastes in the plasma.

A

Urea and lactic acid.

19
Q

What are the major respiratory gases found in the plasma?

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide

20
Q

What is the major difference in composition between plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

Plasma contains proteins, while ISF doesn’t.

21
Q

What are the main 3 proteins found in the plasma? State their concentration.

A

Albumins: 60%
Globulins: 35%
Fibrinogen: 5%

22
Q

Name 4 ways of separating plasma proteins.

A
  1. Differential precipitation by salts
  2. Sedimentation in ultracentrifuge
  3. Electrophoretic mobility
  4. Immunological characteristics
23
Q

What method of plasma protein separation is the most commonly used?

A

Electrophoretic mobility (electrophoresis)

24
Q

Explain how electrophoresis works.

A

The proteins in plasma carry a negative charge. A drop of plasma is placed on filter paper soaked with a fluid of the same pH. A current is applied, and different proteins will migrate towards the anode at their own characteristic rate. After a while, the different proteins will form bands that can be stained and identified.

25
Q

Rate of migration in electrophoresis is influenced by the […] and […] of each protein.

A

Number and distribution of charges
Molecular weight

26
Q

Name the major specimens that can be seen in electrophoresis.

A

Albumin, fibrinogen, and globulins: α1, α2, β (beta), Y (gamma).

27
Q

Name the order in which the major blood proteins appear after electrophoresis.

A

From left to right: albumin, α1 globulin, α2 globulin, β globulin, fibrinogen, Y globulin

28
Q

After electrophoresis, you notice that there is no fibrinogen line visible. Why is this?

A

This is likely because electrophoresis was done with serum instead of plasma, and serum has fibrinogen removed because it causes clotting of the blood, making it harder to get a good result.

29
Q

After electrophoresis, you notice that the albumin peak is shorter than normal. What does this indicate? Explain why.

A

This indicates renal disease. This is because renal disease often increases the permeability of the kidney, allowing albumin, which is the smallest protein, to leave into the urine.

30
Q

After electrophoresis, you notice that the Y globulin peak is higher than normal. What does this indicate? Explain why.

A

This indicates that the person has a bacterial infection, as the antibodies produced in response are part of the gamma globulin fraction.

31
Q

Where are plasma proteins produced?

A

Fibrinogen, albumin, β globulin, α1 globulin and α2 globulin are produced in the liver. Y globulin is produced in lymphoid tissue because it includes antibodies.

32
Q

A diseased liver will resulted in […] production of plasma proteins.

A

Decreased (except for Y globulin)

33
Q

Describe the shape of the three major plasma proteins.

A

Albumin: oval-shaped
Fibrinogen: uniform, long fibers
Globulin: heterogeneous

34
Q

State the molecular weight of the three major plasma proteins.

A

Albumin: 69
Fibrinogen: 350
Globulin: 90-800

35
Q

State the concentration with respect to the total % of colloids of the three major plasma proteins.

A

Albumin: 4 g/%
Fibrinogen: 0.3g/%
Globulin: 2.7 g/%

36
Q

What is the collective concentration of the three major plasma proteins?

A

7 g/%

37
Q

What is the major role of plasma proteins?

A

They determine the distribution of fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid by controlling transcapillary dynamics.

38
Q

Explain how plasma proteins determine the distribution of fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid

A

Because plasma proteins are non-diffusible, they exert an osmotic pressure that allow for the movement of fluid between the plasma and the ISF, which are otherwise identical in composition.

39
Q

The osmotic effect exerted by plasma proteins is called […]

A

Colloidal osmotic (oncotic) pressure (COP)

40
Q

The COP of plasma proteins is equal to […]

A

25 mm Hg

41
Q

If the COP increases, water will flow from the […] to the […]

A

ISF into the plasma

PHGY 209 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions