CNS Organisation Flashcards
brain divisions
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
forebrain
cerebrum and diencephalon
hindbrain
medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum
brainstem
midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
protection and surrounding of spinal cord
meninges and CSF
how many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves
cranial: 12
spinal: 31
division of hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
cerebral cortex
layer of grey matter on surface of hemispheres
gyri and sulci
gyri: elevations
sulci: depressions
central sulcus
lateral sulcus
parieto-occipital sulcus
central sulcus: division of frontal and parietal lobes
lateral sulcus: division of frontal/parietal lobes and temporal lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus: division of parietal and occipital lobes
frontal lobe location
anterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral fissure
parietal lobe location
posterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral fissure
temporal lobe location
inferior to lateral fissure
occipital lobe location
posterior to parietal and temporal lobes
hippocampus
function and vulnerabilities
rolled in part of cerebral cortex
essential for formation of of new memories
vulnerable to global ischemia and Alzheimer’s
glial cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
glutamate binding effect on neuron
GABA binding effect on neuron
glutamate: entry of Na+ and post synaptic excitation
GABA: entry of Cl- and post synaptic neuron is inhibited
roles of Na/K ATPase and glucose transporters in neuronal membranes
Na/K ATPase: maintains resting membrane potential
glucose transporters: supply of glucose for ATP
role of glutamate transporters at the glial neuronal membrane
limit the action of the neurotransmitter
division of thalamus and hypothalamus
hypothalamic sulcus
thalamus anatomy
hypothalamus anatomy
thalamus: large mass of grey matter on either side of third ventricle
hypothalamus: forms lower part of the lateral wall and floor of third ventricle
pons location
inferior to midbrain
superior to medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata anatomy
most inferior portion of brain
cerebellum anatomy
posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata
spinal cord anatomy
continuous with the brain at the foramen magnum
tapers off into the conus medullaris
midbrain cranial nerves, associated nuclei and fibre tracts
cranial nerves: III, IV
associated nuclei: III, IV, V, visual and auditory pathways
fibre tracts: ascending and descending fibres
pons cranial nerves, associated nuclei and fibre tracts
cranial nerves: V, VI, VII, VIII
associated nuclei: V, VI, VII, VIII
fibre tracts: ascending and descending fibres
medulla oblongata cranial nerves, associated nuclei and fibre tracts
cranial nerves: IX, X, XI, XII
associated nuclei: V, IX, X, XI, XII, cardiovasc and resp function
fibre tracts: ascending and descending fibres
cerebellum anatomy
posterior to the pons and the medulla oblongata
midline (vermis) and two hemispheres
connected to brainstem
