CNS Neurotransmitters

Question 1

release of neurotransmitter from the pre-synaptic terminal requires ______, enters through voltage dependent _______ channels

Answer 1

calcium

Question 2

voltage dependent calcium channels open when ____________ depolarize the terminal

Answer 2

action potentials

Question 3

binding of a neurotransmitter opens or closes an ion channel within the receptor (ionotropic), activation results in a rapid change in postsynaptic membrane potential

Answer 3

direct gating, ligand-gated receptors

Question 4

glutamate, acetylcholine, GABA, glycine, and serotonin are all neurotransmitters that activate _______ channels

Answer 4

gated

Question 5

binding of neurotransmitter activates second messenger pathways by way of G proteins, pathways have multiple and sometimes long lasting effects

Answer 5

indirected gating, non channel linked receptors

Question 6

epinephrine, cAMP, DAG, IP3, calcium conductance, K+ conductance, Na, Cl are important signaling pathways in ________

Answer 6

indirect gating, non channel linked receptors

Question 7

nicotinic/acetylcholine uses a ______ channel, signals across membrane due to changes in ion conductance after electrical potential of a cell, very fast response

Answer 7

sodium

Question 8

insulin and growth factors use ___________ as their ligand regulated transmembrane enzymes

Answer 8

receptor tyrosine kinases

Question 9

• release is calcium dependent, triggered by action potentials
• binds to receptors, catabolized by AChE that terminates the action

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

reduction of activity in ________ neurons occurs in Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 10

cholinergic

Question 11

________ receptors are important for glandular secretion

Answer 11

muscarinic

Question 12

_________ receptors are important in motor end plate function

Answer 12

nicotinic

Question 13

all catecholamines are products of essential amino acid _______

Answer 13

tyrosine

Question 14

____ has negative feedback on norepinephrine release

Answer 14

alpha 2 receptor

Question 15

________ increase the amount of norepinephrine released from the terminal

Answer 15

amphetamines

Question 16

stimulants such as cocaine _______ reuptake of norepinephrine into the axon terminal

Answer 16

inhibit

Question 17

activation of ________ receptors elevate mood and increase wakefulness and attention, also critical in regulating cardiovascular function

Answer 17

adrenergic

Question 18

_______ receptors are responsible for reward and motivation, implicated in various emothions, important in regulation of renal flow

Answer 18

dopaminergic

Question 19

precursor of serotonin?

Answer 19

tryptophan

Question 20

_______ mechanisms modulate anger, aggression, body temp, mood, sleep, sexuality, appetite, can stimulate emesis

Answer 20

serotonergic

Question 21

most common excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS

Answer 21

glutamate

Question 22

_________ over-excitation of neurons is involved in both acute and chronic brain injury

Answer 22

glutamatergic

Question 23

major inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS

Answer 23

GABA

Question 24

decreased ________ or increased ________ activity can precipitate seizures

Answer 24

GABA, glutamatergic

Question 25

tremors/seizures in alcohol withdrawal associated with loss of ______ inhibition

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

inhibition of ________ receptors in brain responsible for sedative effects of many drugs

Answer 26

histamine

Question 27

________ mechanisms critcial in peripheral inflamation and gastri acid secretion

Answer 27

histaminergic