CNS Neurotransmitters Flashcards
release of neurotransmitter from the pre-synaptic terminal requires ______, enters through voltage dependent _______ channels
calcium
voltage dependent calcium channels open when ____________ depolarize the terminal
action potentials
binding of a neurotransmitter opens or closes an ion channel within the receptor (ionotropic), activation results in a rapid change in postsynaptic membrane potential
direct gating, ligand-gated receptors
glutamate, acetylcholine, GABA, glycine, and serotonin are all neurotransmitters that activate _______ channels
gated
binding of neurotransmitter activates second messenger pathways by way of G proteins, pathways have multiple and sometimes long lasting effects
indirected gating, non channel linked receptors
epinephrine, cAMP, DAG, IP3, calcium conductance, K+ conductance, Na, Cl are important signaling pathways in ________
indirect gating, non channel linked receptors
nicotinic/acetylcholine uses a ______ channel, signals across membrane due to changes in ion conductance after electrical potential of a cell, very fast response
sodium
insulin and growth factors use ___________ as their ligand regulated transmembrane enzymes
receptor tyrosine kinases
- release is calcium dependent, triggered by action potentials
- binds to receptors, catabolized by AChE that terminates the action
acetylcholine
reduction of activity in ________ neurons occurs in Alzheimer’s disease
cholinergic
________ receptors are important for glandular secretion
muscarinic
_________ receptors are important in motor end plate function
nicotinic
all catecholamines are products of essential amino acid _______
tyrosine
____ has negative feedback on norepinephrine release
alpha 2 receptor
________ increase the amount of norepinephrine released from the terminal
amphetamines
stimulants such as cocaine _______ reuptake of norepinephrine into the axon terminal
inhibit
activation of ________ receptors elevate mood and increase wakefulness and attention, also critical in regulating cardiovascular function
adrenergic
_______ receptors are responsible for reward and motivation, implicated in various emothions, important in regulation of renal flow
dopaminergic
precursor of serotonin?
tryptophan
_______ mechanisms modulate anger, aggression, body temp, mood, sleep, sexuality, appetite, can stimulate emesis
serotonergic
most common excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS
glutamate
_________ over-excitation of neurons is involved in both acute and chronic brain injury
glutamatergic
major inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS
GABA
decreased ________ or increased ________ activity can precipitate seizures
GABA, glutamatergic
tremors/seizures in alcohol withdrawal associated with loss of ______ inhibition
GABA
inhibition of ________ receptors in brain responsible for sedative effects of many drugs
histamine
________ mechanisms critcial in peripheral inflamation and gastri acid secretion
histaminergic
