3.5 Development of Head and Neck Structures Flashcards
cleft lip only and cleft lip/palate more common in ________
males
cleft palate only more common in ________
females
congenital malformations that result from mutations in genes that play role in neural crest function (induction, proliferation EMT, migration)
first arch syndromes (neurocristopathies)
- velecardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomalies face syndrome
- CATCH22: cardiac outflow, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia (T cell deficient), cleft palate, hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism, deletion on chromosome 22
DiGeorge Syndrome
- mandibulofacial dystosis
- AD, 1/50,000 births
- malar hypoplasia from underdevelopment of zygomatic bones
- underdeveloped mandible, malformed or missing ears, downslanting palpebral fissures
Treacher-Collins syndrome
micrognathia of mandible, cleft palate, glossoptosis (posteriorly placed tongue)
Pierre Robin Sequence
- cranial neural crest cells not correctly directed to pattern paired structures along midline
- due to chromosomal abnormalities, primary hedgehog signaling path
- forebrain underdeveloped
holoprosencephaly
- greatest sensitivity in 1st month when midline structures develop
- alochol known to cause apoptosis of neural crest cells PRIOR to migration
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
rare atypical clefts occur when ______ process fails to fuse with ________________ processes
maxillary, lateral and medial nasal
in adults the nasolacrimal duct connects the __________ with the _________
lacrimal sac, inferior meatus
the _______ divides the primary and secondary palates
incisive foramen
anterior defects cause lateral cleft lip, cleft maxilla, and celfts b/w anterior and posterior palates, due to failure of fusion of _________ and __________
maxillary process and medial nasal process
