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anatomy > CNS & Nervous systems > Flashcards

CNS & Nervous systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Nervous System

A

Sensory Function
Integrative Function
Motor Function

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2
Q

what does the sensory function do ?

A

detects internal ( Blood acidity) & External stimuli ( rain landing on arm)

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3
Q

What does the integrative function do ?

A

process sensory information &

Makes decisions for appropriate responses

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4
Q

what does the motor function do ?

A

activates effectors through cranial and spinal nerves & Stimulates effectors –> cause muscle to contract and glands to secrete

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5
Q

What is in the CNS

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

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6
Q

What is in PNS

A

Nerves, Cranial Nerves, Spinal nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors,

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7
Q

what do Cranial Nerves do ?

A

Emerge from brain

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8
Q

what do spinal nerves do?

A

emerge from spinal cord

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9
Q

what are ganglia?

A

small clusters of nervous tissue, consisting of neuron cell bodies that are located outside of brain

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10
Q

what are sensory receptors ?

A

Nervous system structures that monitor changes in the external and internal environment

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11
Q

what are neurons ?

A

form complex networks within brain and spinal cord.

Function : Controlling muscle activity, regulating glandular secretions, thinking, remembering, sensing

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12
Q

What are Neuroglia?

A

Support, Nourish , protect neurons, and maintain homeostasis in interstitial fluid.

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13
Q

Cell body of Neuron?

A

Nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and many typical cellular organelles ( Mitochondria , Golgi complex )

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14
Q

what do Nissl Bodies do ?

A

Its where protein synthesis occurs.

  • it is used to replace cellular components
  • Regenerates damaged axons in pns
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15
Q

What are dendrites ?

A

receiving or input portions of neuron

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16
Q

What is the axon?

A

propagates impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell

17
Q

What are schwann Cell?

A

Form Myelin sheath around axons in PNS

18
Q

What is the Meylin Sheath?

A

Multilayred lipid and protein layer that covers the axons.

Electrically insulates the axon and increase speed of impulse conduction.

19
Q

What is the neurolemma?

A

Layer of the schwann cell that encloses the myelin sheath

20
Q

What are the Node of Ranvier ?

A

gaps in myelin Sheath , between cells

21
Q

Types of Neuroglia in CNS?

A
  1. Microglia
    - Phagocytize microbes and damaged nervous tissue
  2. Ependymal Cells
    - produce and assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
  3. Astrocytes
    - help maintain appropriate chemical environment for the generation of impulses
  4. Oligoderocytes
    - form and maintain myelin sheath around CNS axons
22
Q

Types of Neuroglia in PNS?

A
  1. Schwann Cells
23
Q

What is gray matter ?

A

Unmyelinated axons superficial in brain

* Deep in Spinal Cord*

24
Q

What is the White matter?

A

Presence of myelinated axons from oligodendrocytes

  • Deep in brain*
  • Superficial in spinal cord *
25
Q

what is agraded Potential ?

A

Origin: located in dendrites and cell body
Types of Channel : Ligand-gated or mechanically gated ion channel
Conduction : Short communication
Size: Less than 1 mV to More than 50 mV
Duration : Long
Polarity : Hyper-polarizing OR Depolarization

Refractory Period : Not present

26
Q

what are action potentials?

A

Origin : Arise at trigger points and propagate along axon
Type of Channel: Voltage - gated channel for Na+ & K+
conduction : Communication over longer distances
Size : all or none , about 100 mV
Duration : shorter

Polarity : Depolarizing phase
—> repolarizing phase –> Returns to resting membrane potential

Refractory period : Present

27
Q

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid ?

A

Protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injury. And Circulation

28
Q

What is the formation of the cerebrospinal fluid?

A
  1. lateral ventricle
  2. third ventricle
  3. Fourth ventricle
    4.
29
Q

What is the function of the brain stem ?

A

Relay center for processing and controlling involuntary reflexes for vision

anatomy (9 decks)

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