Chapter 13 Flashcards
Tract
collection of nerve fibers (axons) in the Central Nervous System
Basal nuclei
region located at base of brain composed of 4 clusters of neurons
Association tracts
Conduct impulses between gyri of the same hemisphere
- horizontal
- connect different parts of same hemisphere
Commissural tracts
Conduct impulses between gyri of different hemispheres
-horizontal
-connect gray matter of two hemispheres
EXAMPLE : Corpus callosum
Projection tracts
Conduct impulses between cerebrum and lower CNS regions
- vertical
- connect hemispheres with lower brain or spinal cord
Primary Somatosensory area LOCATION ?
parietal lobe in postcentral gyrus
Primary visual area: LOCATION
posterior tip of occipital lobe
Primary auditory area: LOCATION
superior part of temporal lobe near lateral cerebral sulcus
Primary Somatosensory area : FUNCTION
receive nerve impulse from somatic sensory receptor
Primary visual area: FUNCTION
Receives and perceives visual information
Primary auditory area
Receives and perceives sound information
Primary motor
LOCATION
Frontal lobe in precentral gyrus directly anterior to the central sulcus
Primary motor FUNCTION
Controls voluntary contractions of specific skeletal muscles or muscle groups on opposite side of the body
Broca’s speech area
LOCATION
Frontal lobe close to lateral central sulcus
Broca’s Speech area FUNCTION
Controls muscles of larynx, pharynx, and mouth for production of speech
Coordinates control of muscles for breathing to regulate proper flow of air
Somatosensory association area: LOCATION
posterior to primary somatosensory area
Visual association area:LOCATION
occipital lobe anterior to primary visual area
Auditory association area: LOCATION inferior & posterior to the primary auditory area in the temporal cortex
inferior & posterior to the primary auditory area in the temporal cortex
Hemispheric Lateralization
Left Hemp= control motor function of right side of body
Right Hemp= control motor function of left side of body
*subtle differences between two hemp. although variable individual
Left Hemisphere known for ?
Language, numerical & scientific skills, reasoning
Right hemisphere known for ?
Music , artistic, recognition of faces
Thalamus
Relays and processes sensory impulses to the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Control of ANS, Regulation of eat and drink ?
Pineal Gland
- Secretes the hormone melatonin
- contribute to setting the body’s biological clock
- Promotes sleepiness
Midbrain
Controls head and eyeball movement in response to visual and auditory stimuli
Pons
Regulates breathing
Relays impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements
Reticular Formation
Broad region of brain stem and diencephalan
- maintain attention and alertness
- helps arouse body from sleep
What is a concussion ?
traumatic injury to the brain that produces no visible busing , but can result in temporary lost of consciousness
What is contusion ?
Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind
Role of limbic system?
Emotional aspects of behavior ( Pain, Pleasure, and rage)
Medulla Oblongata Pyramids ?
Motor tracts from cerebrum to spinal cord control voluntary movement of trunk and limbs
Medulla Oblongata Decussation ?
crossing over of pyramids to opposite side before continuing to spinal cord
