CNS Introduction Flashcards
The cortex contributes to what bodily functions?
sensory, motor, and thought processes
The limbic system contributes to what bodily functions?
emotion and memory
The diencephanlon contributes to what bodily functions?
endocrine and autonomic
The cerebellum contributes to what bodily functions?
sensory and motor co-ordination
The midbrain/brain stem contribute to what bodily functions?
reflex pathways, information relay, awareness, and arousal
The spinal cord contributes to what bodily functions?
sensory, motor, and autonomic
What do interneurons do?
communicate within the same brain region
what do projection neurons do?
axons project from one brain region to another
communication in the CNS is facilitated by ____ by the use of ____.
neurons, neurotransmitters
together, interneurons and projection neursons contribute to…
output.
what are the 4 types of CNS transmitters?
- amino acids
- acetylcholine
- monoamines
- peptides
glutamate is an…
(what kind of neurotransmitter?)
excitatory amino acid
GABA is an…
(what kind of neurotransmitter?)
inhibitory amino acid
what are the two kinds of amino acid neurotransmitters?
glutamate and GABA
what are the 3 kinds of monoamine neurotransmitters?
- dopamine
- norepinephrine
- 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonine)
glutamate is an agonist of…
NMDA and non-NMDA receptors (ion channels; Ca, Na, and K)
GABA is an agonist of…
GABA receptors
what are the two kinds of GABA recptors? What are they specifically?
GABA A = ion channel (Cl-)
GABA B = G-protein linked to ion channel (K+)
acetylcholine is an agonist of…
muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
norepinephrine is an agonist of…
a1, a2, and b1
dopamine signalling contributes in which regions of the brain?
- cortex
- limbic system
- midbrain
dopamine is an agonist of…
dopamine receptors (D1 - D5) linked to G-protein second messenger systems
D1 receptors contribute to what response?
increase in cAMP
D2 receptors contribute to what response?
decrease in cAMP (presynaptic and postsynaptic)
the other name for serotonin is…
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
serotonin is an agonist of…
at least 15 subtypes of 5-HT receptors (a combination of excitatory, inhibitory, presynaptic and postsynaptic)
all 5-HT receptors are linked to G-protein second messenger systems except…
5-HT3 (ion channel)
how are 5-HT receptors named?
(describe the labelling system)
categories: 5-HT1 to 5-HT7
subtypes: indicated by the letter that follows the receptor category (ex. 5-HT1A)
what does 5-HT1A do?
inhibitory; decreases cAMP
what does 5-HT2A do?
excitatory; increases DAG/IP3
what contributes to the blood brain barrier?
(what structural components?)
endothelial cells and astrocytes
what are astrocytes?
support cells in the CNS
transport through te blood brain barrier main occurs through…
passive diffusion (depends on drug solubility and pKa)
neurodegenterative disorders are…
the progressive loss of specific populations of neurons
what is Alzheimers disease?
degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic input to hippocampus (memory) and cortex (cognition)
what is Parkinsons disease?
loss of dopaminergic neurons
what are the two characteristic of alzheimers disease? What are they exactly?
(structural)
- tangles (accumulation of twisted fibers of phosphorylated tau protein)
- plaques (extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid protein)
