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neurophys > CNS higher functions > Flashcards

CNS higher functions Flashcards

1
Q

RAS provides input to __ to maintain ___

A

reticular formation
alert state

maintains neural tone for cerebrum
mediates arousal rxn
depressed by bartbituates, ethanol,etc

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2
Q

RAS have ___ inhibitory area

A

medullary reticular inhibitory area

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3
Q

serotonin secreting nerves ___ RAS

A

inhibit

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4
Q

EEGs are

A

summative voltages of CNS activity

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5
Q

beta waves

A

awake and mentating or during dreaming(REM)

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6
Q

origin of beta waves

A

frontal cortex

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7
Q

alpha waves

A

awake and alert. eyes closed but not thinking

relaxed/meditation

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8
Q

origin of alpha waves

A

occipital area

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9
Q

theta waves

A

drowsiness to light sleep or deep meditation

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10
Q

origin of theta waves

A

parietal and temporal lobes

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11
Q

delta waves

A

deep sleep

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12
Q

origin of delta waves

A

medullary

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13
Q

gamma rhythm

A

represents activity of populations of cortical neurons banding together to perform cognitive or motor functions
waves are indication of person focusing on task

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14
Q

mu rhythm

A

alpha range activity seen over sensorimotor cortex
represents motor cortex at rest
increases chance of errors

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15
Q

epilepsy in EEG

A

increased frequency and increased wave height

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16
Q

as waking time approaches what happens to periods of REM sleep

A

increase in frequency

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17
Q

what happens to muscle tone in REM sleep

A

initially increases then decreases

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18
Q

raphe nuclei and medulla mediate ___ sleep

A

deep

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19
Q

lesions ot raphe nuclei and medulla cause

A

insomnia

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20
Q

locus ceruleus of pons mediates ___

A

REM sleep

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21
Q

transmitter of locus ceruleus of pons

A

Ach

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22
Q

lesions of locus ceruleus of pons

A

narcolepsy

cataplexy

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23
Q

REM sleep inhibited by

A

barbiturates and ethanol

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24
Q

lack of sleep and insomnia enhances

A

inflammation

increases levels of nuclear factor (NK)-kB

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25
Q

during sleep CNS rids itself of excess

A

neurotransmitters

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26
Q

primary motor cortex is origin of what tracts

A

lateral and ventral corticospinal tracts

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27
Q

what does primary motor cortex do

A

precise somatic organization

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28
Q

what does premotor cortex coordinate

A

axial and proximal muscles

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29
Q

supplementary motor cortex activated

A

before area IV
sets up plan of muscle activity
for execution of area IV

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30
Q

what is engram

A

memory tract from an event

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31
Q

engram is incorporated into short term memory by

A

reverberating circuits
activation of NMDA receptors to initially stimulate synaptic plasticity
synaptic potentiation

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32
Q

principal neurotransmitter in short term memory

A

Ach

33
Q

____ is major center where consolidation processes initiated and finalized

A

hippocampus

34
Q

___ responsible for place learning

A

medial hippocampus

35
Q

LTP in hippocampus forms long term memory by

A

increasing axon dendrite snyapses

36
Q

___ receptor activation required for initial learning

A

NMDA

37
Q

then ___ comes into play for LTP

A

mHlu receptor

38
Q

continues NMDA receptor activation blocks

A

mGlu activity

39
Q

Arc important for

A

long term memory

40
Q

hippocampal malfunction or damage results in

A

anterograde amnesia

41
Q

thalamus is involved in recall of

A

memory engrams

42
Q

amygdala and hippocampus function in

A

recognition of objects

43
Q

striatum functions in

A

reward and reinforcement

44
Q

mamillary bodies function in

A

recollective memory

45
Q

memory facilitation involves stimulation of

A

facilitator nerve circuits during learning process

46
Q

what happens to hippocampus with ppl with PTSD

A

shrinks

47
Q

what triggers declarative memory

A

facts and events

48
Q

where does declarative memory occur

A

frontal cortex

49
Q

where does nondeclarative memory occur

A

processor levels

50
Q

what does nondeclarative memory trigger

A

priming, associative, learning triggers

51
Q

what is older part of cortex

A

limbic system

52
Q

what surrounds limbic system

A

neocortex

53
Q

amygdala can be stimulated bu release of

A

oxytocin

54
Q

stimulation of ceruleus nerves releases

A

norepinephrine–> VGA release dopamine

55
Q

dopamine stimulates D3 receptors in ___

A

nucleus accumbens

release ENK

56
Q

receptors in CNS mainly in

A

septal area/ N accumbens

57
Q

CNS stimulation of CB1 receptrs

A

euphoria, calmness, dreamlike state, munchies, loss of short term memory

58
Q

punishment center of limbic system located

A

in central gray area near aqueduct of slyvius & periventricular zones of hypothalamus and thalamus

59
Q

stress and depression cause loss of nuerons in

A

prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus

60
Q

sexulaity involves

A

neocortex, limbic system, hypothalamus

61
Q

lesion of piriform cortex overlaying amygdala

A

hypersexuality

62
Q

increased sexuality in males is stimulation of

A

median forebrain bundle &nearby hypothalamic nuclei

63
Q

increased sexuality in females ifs stimulation of

A

anterior hypothalamus

64
Q

emotion of disgust mediated by

A

putamen of BG

65
Q

serotonin mediates

A

placidity, apetite, reduces anxiety, aggressive behavior, antidepressant

66
Q

5HT2 receptor stimulation results in

A

intense euphoria

67
Q

low serotonin may trigger

A

migraine

vasoconstriction dilation

68
Q

norepi found in nerves of

A

locus ceruleus system

69
Q

basic mechanism of bipolar disorder involves

A

disordered Na Ca channel dynamics

70
Q

depression linked to low

A

low norepi at beta receptors and low serotonin

71
Q

lithium block

A

beta receptors

reduces maniac behavior

72
Q

schuzophrenia relieved by

A

dopamine blockers

73
Q

anterior and medial hypothalamus stimulated by

mediate

A

septal nuclei

satiety

74
Q

posterior hypothalamus stimulated by

mediates

A

amygdala

sham rage

75
Q

lateral posterior hypothalamus mediates

A

hunger center

76
Q

CNS receives ___ body blood flow

A

14-20

77
Q

what is principal stimulus for vasodilaiton

A

PaCO2 arterial

CO2 also relaxes vascular smooth muscle

78
Q

what also causes cerebral vasodilation

A

adenosine, glycolytic intermediates
K+
hypoxia

neurophys (8 decks)

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