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neurophys > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

subdivisions of ANA

A

enteric nervous system
parasympathetic
sympathetic

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2
Q

afferents from ___ organs travel ___ CNS via autonomic nerves

A

visceral

back to

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3
Q

efferents subdivided into

A

parasympathetic

sympathetic

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4
Q

enteric NS modulated by

A

both subdivisions

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5
Q

what fibers exit from CNS

A

preganglionic efferent

B type

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6
Q

what are postganglionic fibers

A

C type

synapse onto cells of target organ

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7
Q

what is major control point of ANS

A

hypothalamus

others: pons medulla 
cerebellum & BG
limbic cortex 
frontal cortex
motor cortex
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8
Q

ENS innervates

A

GI tract

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9
Q

ganglia of ENS

A

myenteric plexus/auerbachs

subumucosal plexus/meissners

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10
Q

in ENS where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse

A

celiac and mesenteric ganglia

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11
Q

arrangement of ENS efferents

A

synapse en passant

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12
Q

Parasympathetic originates from

A

midbrain, medulla, sacral spinal cord

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13
Q

what is pre to post nerve ratio in PNS”

A

1:1 or 1:2

implies fine control of innervated organs

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14
Q

transmitter agent of PNS

A

Ach

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15
Q

in PNS at ganglia postganglionic receptors are classified as

A

nicotinic

blocked by C6

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16
Q

motor end plates blocked by

A

curare type drugs

reduces muscle tone

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17
Q

postganglionic receptors are

A

M type/muscarinic

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18
Q

M receptor subtypes act via

A

second messengers

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19
Q

M1&M2 act on

A

G proteins to open and close ca and K channels

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20
Q

M2%M3 act via

A

IP3 and other 2nd messengers

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21
Q

actions of post ganglionic parasympathetic receptors enhanced by

A

blockage of acetylcholinesterase

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22
Q

muscarinic receptors blocked by

A

alkaloid atropine

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23
Q

stimulation of PNS

A

SLUDID

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24
Q

achalasia

A

malfunctioning of lower esophageal sphincter

–> mega-esophagus

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25
hirschprungs disease
lack of cholinergic ganglia in distal colon | chronic constipation
26
vasovagal syncope
excessive vagal stimulation of sino-atrial node
27
atonic urinary bladder
lack of sufficient vagal stimulation | interferes with enptying
28
thoraco-lumbar system originates from
postero-lateral hypothalamus and medulla
29
in SNS preganglionic fibers synapse on
1. in chain ganglia-post ganglionics return via grey ramus and innervate body wall structures 2. pass through chain ganglia via white ramus and synapse in prevertebral ganglia - post gangs innervate visceral structures
30
pre to post ganglionic fiber ratios in sympathetics
1:22 or 1:30
31
sympathetic ganglia transmitter
Ach
32
sympathetic post ganglionic transmitter
norepi epi Ach
33
stimulation of sympathetic division
``` IB4D •Increased heart rate •Bronchodilation •Dilation of Pupils •Decreased GI tract motility and secretions •Decreased lacrimation •Decreased urination ```
34
sympathetic regulates
organ functions | stimulation of adrenal medulla, sweat glands, erector pili muscles, kidneys, BV
35
postganglionic sympathetic receptors divided into
alpha beta | depends on size of terminal N groups
36
low epi will cause
relaxation-receptos B2
37
high epi will cause
contraction- alpha1 receptors
38
general B receptos agonists have simultaneous
cardiac and respiratory effects
39
agonists of sympathetic
ephedrine and amphetamines-increase relase and block reuptake cocaine blocks reuptake
40
antagonist drugs fo sympathetic
guanethidine-prevents release alpha methyldopa reserpine
41
raynauds disease
intense vasoconstriction by cold or emotional stress
42
vascular hypertension
excess sympathetic activity
43
CRPS1, RSD
excess discharge of symp efferents
44
CRPS2
results from damage to nerves
45
horners syndrome
interruption of cervical sympathetics | drooping eyelid, anhydrosis
46
cardiovascular system relays
cortex and vasomotor centers in medulla and lower 1/3 pons
47
posterior nuclei of cardiovascular system
increases BP and HR
48
anterior nuclei of cardiovascular
decrease BP . & HR
49
medullary centers directly influence
BP & HR
50
what does input from pressure receptors of too high mean pressure
simulate nucleus tratus solitarius inhibit RVLM too high BP is opposite
51
appetite controlled by
feeding center/ LHA | satiety center/PVN&VMN
52
neural and hormonal signals of appetite stimulate
centers in arcuate nucleus
53
orexogenic factors stimulate
NPY-AgRP nerves of arcuate nucleus
54
ghrelin
increases LHA cell and arcuate nuclei neural activity that stimulates LHA
55
neuropeptide Y
inhibits release of CRH | a potent orexogenic agent
56
malenocortin
induces higher centers to eat, released by LHA
57
orexin A&B
stimulates LHA via g protein receptor acivation
58
galanin
from PVN | stimulates higher centers to increase fat intake and depresses insulin secretion
59
GABA
inhibits CRH | releases LHA from inhibition
60
what do anorexogenic factors do
stimulate PVN + VMN | inhibit LHA
61
GI hormones
CCK, GRP, glucagon, somatostatin | act via receptors that stimulate afferent vagus
62
CRH direct stimulator of
VMN
63
leptin
stimulates VMN inhibits LHA
64
CCK release stimulated by
increased plasma triglycerides
65
leptin influences
reproduction
66
what does increased leptin activate
gene TORC1 in VMN nerves | producing protein TORC1 binding to receptors outside of nerve cells
67
what genes does protein TORC1 activate
CART KISS
68
absence of TORC1 associated with
obesity
69
absence of leptin turns off
CART and TORC1
70
set point center for proper body temp resides in
hypothalamus
71
response to cold
heat generation | heat conservation
72
response to heat
cooling -vasodilation, eccrine sweat gland activation, decreased TSH, increased respiration rate water conservation
73
sensors of heat
warm detecting nerves and warm venous return to hypothalamus
74
what can do more damage heat or cold
heat | it is pre potent stimulus
75
what is febrile state
fever
76
during fever hypothalamic temp set point is ___
reset to higher level | reset by pyrogens resulting from presence of infection
77
endogenous pyrogens appear when
bacterial/viral toxins stimulate monocytes, macrophages, kupffer cells
78
endogenous pyrogens stimulate
supraoptic crest
79
supraoptic crest stimulates
hypothalamic release of prostaglandins from preoptic nuclei
80
febrile state resolved when
hypothalamic set point reset back to normal
81
malignant hyperthermia results in
rapid increase in core body temp
82
malignant hyperthermis results from
defects in RYR1 that causes excess Ca release in skeletal muscle
83
ADH is from
supraoptic nuclei
84
ADH release stimulated by
hyperosmolarity of plasma, decreased plasma volume, pain, hypoglycemis increases renal water recovery increases vascular smooth muscle contraction
85
stimulation of prefornical nucleus is by
events that bring rage and or excitement

neurophys (8 decks)

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