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neurophys > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

subdivisions of ANA

A

enteric nervous system
parasympathetic
sympathetic

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2
Q

afferents from ___ organs travel ___ CNS via autonomic nerves

A

visceral

back to

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3
Q

efferents subdivided into

A

parasympathetic

sympathetic

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4
Q

enteric NS modulated by

A

both subdivisions

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5
Q

what fibers exit from CNS

A

preganglionic efferent

B type

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6
Q

what are postganglionic fibers

A

C type

synapse onto cells of target organ

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7
Q

what is major control point of ANS

A

hypothalamus

others: pons medulla 
cerebellum & BG
limbic cortex 
frontal cortex
motor cortex
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8
Q

ENS innervates

A

GI tract

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9
Q

ganglia of ENS

A

myenteric plexus/auerbachs

subumucosal plexus/meissners

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10
Q

in ENS where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse

A

celiac and mesenteric ganglia

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11
Q

arrangement of ENS efferents

A

synapse en passant

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12
Q

Parasympathetic originates from

A

midbrain, medulla, sacral spinal cord

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13
Q

what is pre to post nerve ratio in PNS”

A

1:1 or 1:2

implies fine control of innervated organs

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14
Q

transmitter agent of PNS

A

Ach

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15
Q

in PNS at ganglia postganglionic receptors are classified as

A

nicotinic

blocked by C6

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16
Q

motor end plates blocked by

A

curare type drugs

reduces muscle tone

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17
Q

postganglionic receptors are

A

M type/muscarinic

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18
Q

M receptor subtypes act via

A

second messengers

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19
Q

M1&M2 act on

A

G proteins to open and close ca and K channels

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20
Q

M2%M3 act via

A

IP3 and other 2nd messengers

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21
Q

actions of post ganglionic parasympathetic receptors enhanced by

A

blockage of acetylcholinesterase

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22
Q

muscarinic receptors blocked by

A

alkaloid atropine

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23
Q

stimulation of PNS

A

SLUDID

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24
Q

achalasia

A

malfunctioning of lower esophageal sphincter

–> mega-esophagus

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25
Q

hirschprungs disease

A

lack of cholinergic ganglia in distal colon

chronic constipation

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26
Q

vasovagal syncope

A

excessive vagal stimulation of sino-atrial node

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27
Q

atonic urinary bladder

A

lack of sufficient vagal stimulation

interferes with enptying

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28
Q

thoraco-lumbar system originates from

A

postero-lateral hypothalamus and medulla

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29
Q

in SNS preganglionic fibers synapse on

A
  1. in chain ganglia-post ganglionics return via grey ramus and innervate body wall structures
  2. pass through chain ganglia via white ramus and synapse in prevertebral ganglia
    - post gangs innervate visceral structures
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30
Q

pre to post ganglionic fiber ratios in sympathetics

A

1:22 or 1:30

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31
Q

sympathetic ganglia transmitter

A

Ach

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32
Q

sympathetic post ganglionic transmitter

A

norepi
epi
Ach

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33
Q

stimulation of sympathetic division

A 
IB4D
•Increased heart rate
•Bronchodilation
•Dilation of Pupils
•Decreased GI tract motility and secretions
•Decreased lacrimation
•Decreased urination
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34
Q

sympathetic regulates

A

organ functions

stimulation of adrenal medulla, sweat glands, erector pili muscles, kidneys, BV

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35
Q

postganglionic sympathetic receptors divided into

A

alpha beta

depends on size of terminal N groups

36
Q

low epi will cause

A

relaxation-receptos B2

37
Q

high epi will cause

A

contraction- alpha1 receptors

38
Q

general B receptos agonists have simultaneous

A

cardiac and respiratory effects

39
Q

agonists of sympathetic

A

ephedrine and amphetamines-increase relase and block reuptake

cocaine blocks reuptake

40
Q

antagonist drugs fo sympathetic

A

guanethidine-prevents release
alpha methyldopa
reserpine

41
Q

raynauds disease

A

intense vasoconstriction by cold or emotional stress

42
Q

vascular hypertension

A

excess sympathetic activity

43
Q

CRPS1, RSD

A

excess discharge of symp efferents

44
Q

CRPS2

A

results from damage to nerves

45
Q

horners syndrome

A

interruption of cervical sympathetics

drooping eyelid, anhydrosis

46
Q

cardiovascular system relays

A

cortex and vasomotor centers in medulla and lower 1/3 pons

47
Q

posterior nuclei of cardiovascular system

A

increases BP and HR

48
Q

anterior nuclei of cardiovascular

A

decrease BP . & HR

49
Q

medullary centers directly influence

A

BP & HR

50
Q

what does input from pressure receptors of too high mean pressure

A

simulate nucleus tratus solitarius
inhibit RVLM
too high BP is opposite

51
Q

appetite controlled by

A

feeding center/ LHA

satiety center/PVN&VMN

52
Q

neural and hormonal signals of appetite stimulate

A

centers in arcuate nucleus

53
Q

orexogenic factors stimulate

A

NPY-AgRP nerves of arcuate nucleus

54
Q

ghrelin

A

increases LHA cell and arcuate nuclei neural activity that stimulates LHA

55
Q

neuropeptide Y

A

inhibits release of CRH

a potent orexogenic agent

56
Q

malenocortin

A

induces higher centers to eat, released by LHA

57
Q

orexin A&B

A

stimulates LHA via g protein receptor acivation

58
Q

galanin

A

from PVN

stimulates higher centers to increase fat intake and depresses insulin secretion

59
Q

GABA

A

inhibits CRH

releases LHA from inhibition

60
Q

what do anorexogenic factors do

A

stimulate PVN + VMN

inhibit LHA

61
Q

GI hormones

A

CCK, GRP, glucagon, somatostatin

act via receptors that stimulate afferent vagus

62
Q

CRH direct stimulator of

A

VMN

63
Q

leptin

A

stimulates VMN inhibits LHA

64
Q

CCK release stimulated by

A

increased plasma triglycerides

65
Q

leptin influences

A

reproduction

66
Q

what does increased leptin activate

A

gene TORC1 in VMN nerves

producing protein TORC1 binding to receptors outside of nerve cells

67
Q

what genes does protein TORC1 activate

A

CART KISS

68
Q

absence of TORC1 associated with

A

obesity

69
Q

absence of leptin turns off

A

CART and TORC1

70
Q

set point center for proper body temp resides in

A

hypothalamus

71
Q

response to cold

A

heat generation

heat conservation

72
Q

response to heat

A

cooling
-vasodilation, eccrine sweat gland activation, decreased TSH, increased respiration rate
water conservation

73
Q

sensors of heat

A

warm detecting nerves and warm venous return to hypothalamus

74
Q

what can do more damage heat or cold

A

heat

it is pre potent stimulus

75
Q

what is febrile state

A

fever

76
Q

during fever hypothalamic temp set point is ___

A

reset to higher level

reset by pyrogens resulting from presence of infection

77
Q

endogenous pyrogens appear when

A

bacterial/viral toxins stimulate monocytes, macrophages, kupffer cells

78
Q

endogenous pyrogens stimulate

A

supraoptic crest

79
Q

supraoptic crest stimulates

A

hypothalamic release of prostaglandins from preoptic nuclei

80
Q

febrile state resolved when

A

hypothalamic set point reset back to normal

81
Q

malignant hyperthermia results in

A

rapid increase in core body temp

82
Q

malignant hyperthermis results from

A

defects in RYR1 that causes excess Ca release in skeletal muscle

83
Q

ADH is from

A

supraoptic nuclei

84
Q

ADH release stimulated by

A

hyperosmolarity of plasma, decreased plasma volume, pain, hypoglycemis
increases renal water recovery
increases vascular smooth muscle contraction

85
Q

stimulation of prefornical nucleus is by

A

events that bring rage and or excitement

neurophys (8 decks)

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