CNS- FA17- Hypothalamus Flashcards by Juewuo R

Olfactory circuit

Dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus —> prefrontal cortex —> entorhinal —> amygdala —> hypothalamus & septal area

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Papez circuit

Mammillary body —> anterior nucleus of thalamus —> cingulate gyrus —> Parahippocampla gyrus —> hippocampus—> fornix —> mammillary bodies

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What are the jobs of the hypothalamus?

Involved in:

Endocrine system 
ANS
Limbic system
Olfactory system
Behavior
Maintains body’s internal environment 
Motivational behavior (looking for food)

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The hypothalamus controls the body’s internal environment via which systems?

Endocrine

ANS

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T/F: Most of hypothalamus is hidden under cerebrum

True

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Border of the hypothalamus:

Superior

Hypothalamic sulcus

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Hypothalamic sulcus divided what two structures?

Hypothalamus (superiorly) and thalamus (inferiorly)

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Border of the hypothalamus:

Inferior (parts you can see)

Optic chiasm

Tuber cinereum

Mammillary body

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Border of the hypothalamus:

Lamina terminalis

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Border of the hypothalamus:

Posterior

Midbrain tegmentum

Mammillary body

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Border of the hypothalamus:

Medial

Third ventricle

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Border of the hypothalamus:

Lateral

Fibers of internal capsule

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Breaking up hypothalamus into nuclei and subnuclei:

Medial vs. Lateral

Divided by fornix

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Breaking up hypothalamus into nuclei and subnuclei:

Lateral side

One nucleus= lateral nucleus

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Breaking up hypothalamus into nuclei and subnuclei:

Medial side

3 areas

Posterior/mammillary region
Middle/tuberal area
Anterior/supraoptic area

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The posterior/mammillary portion of the medial side of hypothalamus has how many nucleus?

What are their names?

2 nuclei: Mammillary nucleus & posterior nucleus

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The middle/tuberal area of the medial side of the hypothalamus has how many nuclei?

What are their names?

3 nuclei:

Arcuate/infundibulum

Ventromedial

Dorsomedial

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The anterior/supraoptic area of this the medial part of the hypothalamus has how many nuclei?

What are their names?

4 Nuclei:

Supraoptic nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

Anterior nucleus

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Region of medial side of the hypothalamus that lies above and includes mammillary body?

Posterior

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Region of medial side of the hypothalamus that is above and includes tuber cinereum

Tuberal area/ middle part

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Part of medial hypothalamus that lies above the optic chiasm

Anterior/supraoptic area

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Hypothalamus is involved with maintaining the body’s internal environment via endocrine and ANS.

What are the two types of neurons present?

Parvocellular

Magnocellular

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Locations of parvocellular neurons

Arcuate neurons
Paraventricular neurons
Many other areas

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What are the hormones carried by parvocellular ?

Releasing hormone

2. Inhibiting hormone

Job of inhibiting and releasing hormone from the parvocellular neurons?

Cause glandular tissue to release or inhibit the release of hormones

Where do the axons of the parvocellular end up ?

Infundibulum/median eminence/pituitary stalk

Where are the hormones from parvocellular neurons?

Capillary bed in in pituitary stalk

Where do the capillaries in the pituitary stalk flow?

To Anterior pituitary/ adenohypophysis

Anterior Pituitary can is (glandular/Nervous) tissue

Glandular tissue

Magnocellular neuron location

Supraoptic nucleus Paraventricular

Where do the the magnocellular neuron axons travel?

Through infundibulum stalk into the POSTERIOR PITUITARY

Posterior pituitary AKA

Neurohypophosis *nervous tissue*

Posterior pituitary is (glandular/Nervous tissue)

Nervous tissue

What is secreted from the magnocellular neurons?

Arginine vasopression Oxytocin

Little beads along the length of the magnocellular neurons

Herring bodies *only called herring on magnocellular*

What does the presence of herring bodies indicate?

Vesicles location

Function of vasopression AKA Antidiuretic hormone

Constrict blood vessel Work with kidney to retain water

Vasopressin release is stimulated by

Low blood pressure (osmolality)or hemorrhage (decreased BP)

Function of oxytocin

Cause contraction of myoepithelial cells of mammillary glands-Milk ejection Cause contraction of uterine smooth muscle

Other lesser function of oxytocin

Muscle spasm that occur with orgasm Erection of penis and clitoris Helps w/ vasopression-ADH properties Digestive functions (digestive hormones can cause release i.e. stretching out th stomach after eating)

T/F: The Circum ventricular organs are not beyond the Blood Brain Barrier

False: beyond BBB

Throughout the brain the endothelial cells that align BV’s are (loosely/tightly) attached to BV’s to prevent bacterial infection

Tightly

6 areas outside BBB of circumventricular organs. What are the two Dr. Mayne talks about

1. Organum vasculosa of lamina termenalis-receptor that measures plasma osmolality (how much water in system) 2. Area postrema- sensitive to digestive juices (stimulates this area and oxytocin can be released

Components of ANS

Preganglionic component Ganglion Postganglionic component Effector

What drives the preganglionic component of the ANS

The hypothalamus

Anterior nucleus of autonomic center is associated with (parasympathetic/sympathetic) system

Parasympathetic

Posterior nucleus of autonomic center is associated with (parasympathetic/sympathetic) system.

Sympathetic

Temperature regulation is is controlled by the (anterior/posterior) nucleus of the autonomic system

Posterior nucleus *travels to lateral horn of SC to glandular tissue-causes you to sweat=lower tbody temp*

Nucleus stuck between eh hypothalamus and midbrain responsible for motivational behavior for looking for water-drinking

Zona incerta

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for eating

Lateral nucleus-feeding Ventromedial nucleus -Satiety

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for mood (rage/fear)

Lateral nucleus Ventromedial nucleus

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for sleep/wake cycle

Suprachiasmatic nucleus- w/ pineal gland Posterior nucleus (tuberomammilarry)-w/ histamine (keeps you active and aware)

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for memory and emotion

Mammillary bodies associated with papez‘ s circuit

Efferent pathway of hypothalamus that is a part of papez’s circuit

Mammilothalamic tract: Mammillary nuclei—> anterior nucleus of dorsal thalamus

Afferent pathway of hypothalamus that is a part of papez’s circuit

Fornix: from hippocampus —> anterior hypothalamus and septal area —> Mammillary nucleui

Reciprocal pathway of hypothalamus

1. Medial forebrain bundle | 2. Stria medullaris thalami

Reciprocal hypothalamus pathway that interconnects frontal lobes, basal forebrain, hypothalamus and midbrain

Medial forebrain bundle

Reciprocal hypothalamus pathway that interconnects supraoptic neclus, preoptic area, and septal area with the habenular nucleus(goes to brainstem)

Stria medullaris thalami