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Neuroanatomy > CNS- FA17- Hypothalamus > Flashcards

CNS- FA17- Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory circuit

A

Dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus —> prefrontal cortex —> entorhinal —> amygdala —> hypothalamus & septal area

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2
Q

Papez circuit

A

Mammillary body —> anterior nucleus of thalamus —> cingulate gyrus —> Parahippocampla gyrus —> hippocampus—> fornix —> mammillary bodies

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3
Q

What are the jobs of the hypothalamus?

A

Involved in:

Endocrine system 
ANS
Limbic system
Olfactory system
Behavior
Maintains body’s internal environment 
Motivational behavior (looking for food)
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4
Q

The hypothalamus controls the body’s internal environment via which systems?

A

Endocrine

ANS

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5
Q

T/F: Most of hypothalamus is hidden under cerebrum

A

True

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6
Q

Border of the hypothalamus:

Superior

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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7
Q

Hypothalamic sulcus divided what two structures?

A

Hypothalamus (superiorly) and thalamus (inferiorly)

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8
Q

Border of the hypothalamus:

Inferior (parts you can see)

A

Optic chiasm

Tuber cinereum

Mammillary body

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9
Q

Border of the hypothalamus:

Anterior

A

Lamina terminalis

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10
Q

Border of the hypothalamus:

Posterior

A

Midbrain tegmentum

Mammillary body

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11
Q

Border of the hypothalamus:

Medial

A

Third ventricle

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12
Q

Border of the hypothalamus:

Lateral

A

Fibers of internal capsule

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13
Q

Breaking up hypothalamus into nuclei and subnuclei:

Medial vs. Lateral

A

Divided by fornix

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14
Q

Breaking up hypothalamus into nuclei and subnuclei:

Lateral side

A

One nucleus= lateral nucleus

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15
Q

Breaking up hypothalamus into nuclei and subnuclei:

Medial side

A

3 areas

  1. Posterior/mammillary region
  2. Middle/tuberal area
  3. Anterior/supraoptic area
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16
Q

The posterior/mammillary portion of the medial side of hypothalamus has how many nucleus?

What are their names?

A

2 nuclei: Mammillary nucleus & posterior nucleus

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17
Q

The middle/tuberal area of the medial side of the hypothalamus has how many nuclei?

What are their names?

A

3 nuclei:

Arcuate/infundibulum

Ventromedial

Dorsomedial

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18
Q

The anterior/supraoptic area of this the medial part of the hypothalamus has how many nuclei?

What are their names?

A

4 Nuclei:

Supraoptic nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

Anterior nucleus

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19
Q

Region of medial side of the hypothalamus that lies above and includes mammillary body?

A

Posterior

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20
Q

Region of medial side of the hypothalamus that is above and includes tuber cinereum

A

Tuberal area/ middle part

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21
Q

Part of medial hypothalamus that lies above the optic chiasm

A

Anterior/supraoptic area

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22
Q

Hypothalamus is involved with maintaining the body’s internal environment via endocrine and ANS.

What are the two types of neurons present?

A

Parvocellular

Magnocellular

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23
Q

Locations of parvocellular neurons

A
  1. Arcuate neurons
  2. Paraventricular neurons
  3. Many other areas
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24
Q

What are the hormones carried by parvocellular ?

A
  1. Releasing hormone

2. Inhibiting hormone

25
Q

Job of inhibiting and releasing hormone from the parvocellular neurons?

A

Cause glandular tissue to release or inhibit the release of hormones

26
Q

Where do the axons of the parvocellular end up ?

A

Infundibulum/median eminence/pituitary stalk

27
Q

Where are the hormones from parvocellular neurons?

A

Capillary bed in in pituitary stalk

28
Q

Where do the capillaries in the pituitary stalk flow?

A

To Anterior pituitary/ adenohypophysis

29
Q

Anterior Pituitary can is (glandular/Nervous) tissue

A

Glandular tissue

30
Q

Magnocellular neuron location

A

Supraoptic nucleus

Paraventricular

31
Q

Where do the the magnocellular neuron axons travel?

A

Through infundibulum stalk into the POSTERIOR PITUITARY

32
Q

Posterior pituitary AKA

A

Neurohypophosis

nervous tissue

33
Q

Posterior pituitary is (glandular/Nervous tissue)

A

Nervous tissue

34
Q

What is secreted from the magnocellular neurons?

A

Arginine vasopression

Oxytocin

35
Q

Little beads along the length of the magnocellular neurons

A

Herring bodies

only called herring on magnocellular

36
Q

What does the presence of herring bodies indicate?

A

Vesicles location

37
Q

Function of vasopression AKA Antidiuretic hormone

A

Constrict blood vessel

Work with kidney to retain water

38
Q

Vasopressin release is stimulated by

A

Low blood pressure (osmolality)or hemorrhage (decreased BP)

39
Q

Function of oxytocin

A

Cause contraction of myoepithelial cells of mammillary glands-Milk ejection

Cause contraction of uterine smooth muscle

40
Q

Other lesser function of oxytocin

A

Muscle spasm that occur with orgasm

Erection of penis and clitoris

Helps w/ vasopression-ADH properties

Digestive functions (digestive hormones can cause release i.e. stretching out th stomach after eating)

41
Q

T/F: The Circum ventricular organs are not beyond the Blood Brain Barrier

A

False: beyond BBB

42
Q

Throughout the brain the endothelial cells that align BV’s are (loosely/tightly) attached to BV’s to prevent bacterial infection

A

Tightly

43
Q

6 areas outside BBB of circumventricular organs.

What are the two Dr. Mayne talks about

A
  1. Organum vasculosa of lamina termenalis-receptor that measures plasma osmolality (how much water in system)
  2. Area postrema- sensitive to digestive juices (stimulates this area and oxytocin can be released
44
Q

Components of ANS

A

Preganglionic component

Ganglion

Postganglionic component

Effector

45
Q

What drives the preganglionic component of the ANS

A

The hypothalamus

46
Q

Anterior nucleus of autonomic center is associated with (parasympathetic/sympathetic) system

A

Parasympathetic

47
Q

Posterior nucleus of autonomic center is associated with (parasympathetic/sympathetic) system.

A

Sympathetic

48
Q

Temperature regulation is is controlled by the (anterior/posterior) nucleus of the autonomic system

A

Posterior nucleus

travels to lateral horn of SC to glandular tissue-causes you to sweat=lower tbody temp

49
Q

Nucleus stuck between eh hypothalamus and midbrain responsible for motivational behavior for looking for water-drinking

A

Zona incerta

50
Q

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for eating

A

Lateral nucleus-feeding

Ventromedial nucleus -Satiety

51
Q

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for mood (rage/fear)

A

Lateral nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus

52
Q

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for sleep/wake cycle

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus- w/ pineal gland

Posterior nucleus (tuberomammilarry)-w/ histamine (keeps you active and aware)

53
Q

Nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for memory and emotion

A

Mammillary bodies associated with papez‘ s circuit

54
Q

Efferent pathway of hypothalamus that is a part of papez’s circuit

A

Mammilothalamic tract: Mammillary nuclei—> anterior nucleus of dorsal thalamus

55
Q

Afferent pathway of hypothalamus that is a part of papez’s circuit

A

Fornix: from hippocampus —> anterior hypothalamus and septal area —> Mammillary nucleui

56
Q

Reciprocal pathway of hypothalamus

A
  1. Medial forebrain bundle

2. Stria medullaris thalami

57
Q

Reciprocal hypothalamus pathway that interconnects frontal lobes, basal forebrain, hypothalamus and midbrain

A

Medial forebrain bundle

58
Q

Reciprocal hypothalamus pathway that interconnects supraoptic neclus, preoptic area, and septal area with the habenular nucleus(goes to brainstem)

A

Stria medullaris thalami

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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