CNS Embryology

Question 1

This structure induces the formation of the neural plate

Answer 1

notochord

Question 2

The neural tube forms from this original embryonic layer

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

Cells derived from ectoderm that form the neural tube

Answer 3

neuroectoderm

Question 4

Cells straddling neuroectoderm cells

Answer 4

neural crest cells

Question 5

Neural crest cells eventually become what type of neuronal cell

Answer 5

dorsal root ganglia cells (1˚ sensory neurons)

Question 6

This is the process of neural tube formation

Answer 6

neurulation

Question 7

The neural tube becomes what two structures

Answer 7

brain and cord

Question 8

The neural crest becomes what neuronal structure

Answer 8

1˚ sensory neurons

Question 9

The neural canal becomes what neuronal structure

Answer 9

ventricles of brain and cenral spinal canal

Question 10

Three layers of developing spinal cord

Answer 10

• ventricular layer
• intermediate layer
• marginal layer

Question 11

Function of spinal ventricular layer

Answer 11

• become glial and neuronal cell types

- lined with ependymal cells

Question 12

Function of spinal intermediate layer

Answer 12

gray matter of cord

Question 13

Function of marginal spinal layer

Answer 13

white matter

Question 14

Name of two spinal plates

Answer 14

basal

alar

Question 15

The basal plate becomes what

Answer 15

anterior and lateral gray horn

Question 16

The alar plate becomes what

Answer 16

posterior gray horn

Question 17

Myelination continues until approximately what age

Answer 17

2 y/o

Question 18

+ Babinski is what

Answer 18

fanning of toes, not curling

may occur in infants up to 2 y/o

Question 19

What is the length of the spinal cord at birth

Answer 19

L2 or L3

Question 20

What is length of spinal cord in adulthood

Answer 20

L1

Question 21

The proencephalon becomes what two intermediate structures

Answer 21

telencephalon

diencephalon

Question 22

The telencephalon becomes what structures

Answer 22

cortex

olfactory bulbs

Question 23

The diencephalon becomes what structures

Answer 23

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

Question 24

The mesencephalon becomes what structure

Answer 24

midbrain

Question 25

The rhobencephalon becomes what structures

Answer 25

metencephalon | myencephalon

Question 26

The metencephalon becomes what structures

Answer 26

pons | cerebellum

Question 27

The myencephalon becomes what structures

Answer 27

medulla

Question 28

The lateral ventricles are formed from the cavity of which structure

Answer 28

telencephalon

Question 29

The third ventricle is formed from the cavity of which structure

Answer 29

diencephalon

Question 30

The aqueduct is formed from the cavity of which structurre

Answer 30

mesencephalon

Question 31

The fourth ventricle is formed from the cavity of which structure

Answer 31

rhombencephalon

Question 32

Syringomyelia

Answer 32

tubular defect in cervical cord, may lead to loss of pain and temperature sensation over shoulder and upper arm

Question 33

Holoprosencephaly

Answer 33

failure of proencephalon to divide into two hemispheres

Question 34

Hydrocephalus

Answer 34

dialation of ventricles due to overproduction of CSF or poor CSF drainage

Question 35

Arnold-Chiar malformation

Answer 35

cerebellum protrudes through foramen magnum | clinical manifestations and age of onset may vary considerably

Question 36

Congenital megacolon

Answer 36

failure of neural crest cells to migrate to colon--parasympathetic ganglia do nor form and parastalsis is halted

Question 37

Neurolation begins when

Answer 37

end of week 3, about day 19

Question 38

Skull begins forming when

Answer 38

end of week 4