Blood Brain Barrier Flashcards
What are the two anatomical bases for the BBB?
- tight junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries
- astrocytes mediating what is able to move into neuron
What is a pericyte?
a cell type found in the area of astrocyte-neuronal junctions that does not have a known function
What are the three proteins that form tight junctions?
- occludin
- claudin
- JAM
MCT-1 transporter?
monocarboxyate transporter 1
What does the monocarboxylate transporter 1 do?
transports lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies through luminal and abluminal surfaces
What are the two ketone bodies
beta-hydroxybutyrate
acetoacetate
Under what circumstances are ketone bodies used heavily in metabolism?
- infancy from mother’s milk
- starvation
- hibernation
- extreme exclusively keotgenic diet
What population has an especially high expression of MCT1?
infants because of high lactate and ketone body metabolism (high breast milk fat content)
What is the function of P-glycoprotein?
efflux transporter
Where is P-glycoprotein found?
only on luminal side of capillary wall
What is transcytosis?
mechanism of breaching BBB by endocytosing on luminal side and exocytosing on abluminal side
What is the “trojan horse” approach to breaching the BBB?
using receptors meant for different molecules to get in via transcytosis
2 methods of transcytosis
- receptor mediated
- non-receptor mediated
What is the function of chemokines?
increase adhesion of inflammatory cells to luminal surface and increase rate of diapedesis into BBB
What is diapedesis?
the movement of cells either through tight junctions or through endothelial cells
When is the BBB established?
first few weeks after fertilization
What produces CSF?
the choroid plexus
Where is the choroid plexus located?
lateral ventricles
What is the primary transporter responsible for creating the osmotic gradient responsible for the creation of CSF?
NKCC transporter
What diuretic is used to block the NKCC transporter?
furosemide (lasix)
What is the glymphatic system?
pushes CSF into lymphatics to clear waste, works faster in sleep
How is carbonic anhydrase important for CSF production?
H+ is used in H+/Na+ antiporter to bring in Na+ from luminal side, HCO3- is moved into CSF
