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Pharmacology III > CNS Drugs: Uses, S/Es > Flashcards

CNS Drugs: Uses, S/Es Flashcards

1
Q

decreases EtOH craving and relapse rate…

A

acamprosate

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2
Q

This drug can be used for aversion therapy for EtOH addiction, but it is not recommended. Effects can be severe.

A

disulfiram

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3
Q

anticonvulsant used for:

EtOH abuse: decreases craving, increases abstinence.

A

topiramate

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4
Q

this is a short acting barbiturate for induction of anesthesia…

A

thiopental

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5
Q

this is a long acting barbiturate for anciconvulsant use

A

phenobarbital

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6
Q

The below are S/Es of what class?

CNS Depression (10-22 hours)

Paradoxical Excitement

Severe dependence: physio and psych

A

barbiturates

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7
Q

The below are C/Is to what drugs?

Porphyria: enhanced porphyrin synth

Pulmonary Insufficiency: respiratory depression

Combination w. CNS Depressants: supra-additive effects

A

barbiturates

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8
Q

Which anxiolytic class shouldn’t be used for the below conditions? What should be used instead?

OCD
Agoraphobia/Panic d/o
PTSD
Anxiety in children and adolescents

A

benzos, use SSRI

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9
Q

The below three BZs are useful to treat…

flurazepam
temazepam
triazolam

A

insomnia (can’t stay asleep)

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10
Q

What two BZs are DOC for status epilepticus?

A

diazepam, lorazepam

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11
Q

This BZ is useful for sedation/anesthsia induction and can cause anterograde amnesia…

A

midazolam

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12
Q

Which BZ can be useful for muscle relaxation

A

diazepam

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13
Q

chlordiazepoxide
diazepam
lorazepam

these can tx…

A

alcohol, barb withdrawal

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14
Q

Three C/Is for B Z use…

A

Pregnancy
Sleep Apnea
Elderly

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15
Q

this drug can cause withdrawal sxs or seizures for those with BZ dependence…

A

flumazenil

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16
Q

non-GABA anxiolytic used for:

GAD
Anxiety + Depression
PMS/PMDD
ADHD, Autism w. Anxiety

A

bupropion / wellbutrin

DA/NE reuptake inhibitor

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17
Q

Which anxiolytic can be used for those with hx of abuse, and has a low addiction potential?

A

buspirone

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18
Q

Which Z Drug can exhibit withdrawal sxs if abrupt cessation?

A

eszopiclone

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19
Q

The below are S/Es for which sedative hypnotic?

Sleep Paralysis
Hallucination
Muscle weakness
Depression exacerbation

A

suvorexant

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20
Q

The below are common S/Es of which drug class?

Decreased Seizure Threshold

Autonomic: anticholinergic sxs (dry mouth, tachy, etc), alpha adrenergic sxs (hypotension), antihistamine sxs (sedation)

A

Antipsychotics

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21
Q

Which classic antipsychotic is also an anti-emetic?

A

prochlorperazine

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22
Q

Which classic antipsychotic is used as an acute antipsychotic?

A

haloperidol

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23
Q

antipsychotic

used as pre-anesthetic or for drug psychosis

A

chlorpromazine
(classical antipsychotic, antimaniac)

(blocks mesolimbic DA receptors, alpha adrenergic receptors)

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24
Q

Which classic antipsychotic exhibits EPS with chronic use?

A

haloperidol

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25
Q

This classic antipsychotic has high anticholinergic activity, and therefore low EPS.

Also can cause retinal deposits

A

chlorpromazine

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26
Q

This drug is 1st line for psychosis. it treats positive and negative sxs

A

risperidone

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27
Q

antipsychotic, prolonged QT

A

risperidone, ziprazidone

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28
Q

antipsychotic

used for tourette’s and acute mania.

A

ziprasidone (atypical antipsychotic)

D2, 5HT2a antagonist, 5HT1a agonist

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29
Q

The below are side effects of which antipsychotic…

Prolonged QT
Decreased seizure threshold

increased mortality in elderly

A

Ziprasidone (atypical antipsychotic, inhibits 5HT, NE reuptake)

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30
Q

antipsychotic
drug of last resort
agranulocytosis risk

A

clozapine

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31
Q

This antipsychotic neither elevates prolactin nor causes agranulocytosis.

S/Es are

Few EPS sxs
Very Sedating
Constipation
dizziness

A

Quetiapine (atypical antipsychotic)

D2 and 5HT2 antagonsit

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32
Q

This antipsychotic has the below S/Es

No Agranulocytosis
EPS sxs rare
Hyperglycemia w. T2DM

A

olanzapine

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33
Q

this drug doesn’t increase prolactin, nor prolong QT. But it can cause decreased esophageal motility

A

aripiprazole/abilify

atypical antipsychotic: binds D2, D3, 5HT1a and 2a

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34
Q

antipsychotic

used for depression w. bipolar

A

Lurasidone

35
Q

Agranulocytosis and neutropenia are S/Es for…

A

lurasidone

36
Q

optimal conc. of lithium is between…

A

0.6-1.2 mEq/L

37
Q

which mood stabilizer can cause diabetes insipidus

A

lithium

38
Q

this drug is used to produce a calming effect in manic patients

A

lithium

39
Q

lithium concentration has a(n)______ relationship with sodium because they ______for reabsorption in the proximal tubule

A

inverse, compete in PT

40
Q

This drug can be used as a mood stabilizer if there is no lithium response. It is used for rapid cycling manic/depressive phases

A

valproic acid

increased GABA, sodium and calcium channels

41
Q

this drug can be used in refractory bipolor d/o in combo with lithium

A

carbamazepine (anticonvulsant, sodium channel blocker)

42
Q

which anticonvulsant has the following uses in mood d/o?

prevention of relapse, depression following mania, acute manic episodes

A

lamotrigine (sodium channel blocker, SJS risk)

43
Q

Dibucaine is used topically in the US. A dibucaine number measures butyrylcholinesterase activity.

A number of ____ or below is considered deficient

A

80

44
Q

which drug class provides relief for spastic muscle disorders like CP, MS, CVA

A

spasmolytics

45
Q

Which spasmolytic has the below side effects?

Drowsiness, weakness
Increased seizure activity
Resp. depression if intrathecal

A

baclofen (muscle relaxant)

46
Q

This spasmolytic has the below side effects and can be used for acute and chronic spasm…

Sedation, dry mouth, weakness, falls in elderly, hepatotoxic

A

tizanidine

47
Q

Which spasmolytic is used for…

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Malignant Hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

prevents ca release from SR

48
Q

which spasmolytic?

Local injection to control spasm after CVA or Neuro Injury
Effects last for weeks/months

A

botox

49
Q

Which anticonvulsant?

Use: Partial Seizures, Generalized Tonic-Clonic
Not effective for Absence Seizure

S/Es: Gingival hyperplasia, SJS, Teratogenic

A

phenytoin

sodium channel blocker

50
Q

This is DOC for partial seizures and trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine (sodium channel blocker)

51
Q

Which anticonvulsant has the below side effects?

SJS (screen for HLA-B 1502), Teratogenic, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, GI sxs

A

carbamazepine

sodium channel blocker

52
Q

lamotrigine is used for…

A

partial seizures

53
Q

Which drug?

Uses: Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Migraine Prevention

A

topiramate

sodium channel blocker, increases GABA

54
Q

Levetiracetam is mostly used for what seizure type?

A

partial seizures

55
Q

which drug is used for…

GAD, neuropathic pain

A

pregabalin (GABA Analog, anticonvulsant)

56
Q

which drug is an adjunct for partial seizures?

A

tiagabine (GABA enhancer)

57
Q

Which anticonvulsant has the below side effects?

Rare rash, Teratogenic, CNS sxs

A

tiagabine

58
Q

Which anticonvulsant?

Uses: Refractory Complex Partial Seizures┃Infantile Spasm (West’s Syndrome)

A

vigabatrin

59
Q

DOC for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

60
Q

This drug is used for mixed seizures…

A

valproic acid

61
Q

anticonvulsant
hepatotoxic
increased risk for spina bifida

A

valproic acid

62
Q

MAOIs are used for what type of depression?

A

refractory depression

63
Q

which antidepressant class is limited due to toxicity and overdose risk, but has the below side effects?

Analgesia
SIADH + Hyponatremia
Sexual Dysfunction
Decreased seizure threshold
Tolerance
A

TCAs

64
Q

SNRI
hepatotoxic
causes acute angle closure glaucoma

A

duloxetine (cymbalta)

65
Q

Which SNRI can cause severe HTN?

A

venlafaxine (effexor)

66
Q

what is the current DOC for depression?

A

citalopram (celexa) or escitalopram (lexapro)

67
Q

The below are contraindications to what class?

Use of Partial Agonist with a Full Agonist

Head Injury

Pregnancy

Pulm. Insufficiency

Hepatic/Renal Dysfunction

Endocrine d/o

A

opioids

68
Q

The below are side effects of…

Derm: Itching 
Pulm: Resp. Depression
Cardio: hypotension
GI: N/V, Constipation
GU: Urinary Retention
MSK: Restlessness 
Psych: Dysphoria
A

opioids

69
Q

whch parkinson’s drug?

Tx of parkinson’s sxs, bradykinesia
Doesn’t affect disease progression
Effectiveness decreases over time
Not effective in Parkinson-ism

A

l-dopa

70
Q

What are the two major side effects of L-Dopa?

A

N/V, Arrhythmia

71
Q

Which class of parkinson’s meds has the below side effects?

insomnia (catecholamines), 
HTN 
Increased L-Dopa S/Es
No combination w. Meperidine
Serotonin Syndrome w. TCAs or SSRIs
A

MAOIs

72
Q

which parkinson’s drug has the below characteristics?

Uses: prolonged DA action, Increases L-Dopa pool

S/Es: hepatic failure

A

tolcapone (COMT inhibitor)

73
Q

which parkinson’s drug has the below characteristics?

Uses: prolonged DA action, Increases L-Dopa pool

S/Es: orange urine

A

Entacapone/comtan

COMT-Inhibitor

74
Q

Which parkinson’s drugs have the below SEs?

Class S/Es:
GI: Anorexia, N/V
CV: Postural hypotension, Arrhythmia
Dyskinesia
Psych Sxs
Decreased Prolactin
A

DA receptor agonists

75
Q

bromocriptine has what side effect?

A

erythromelalgia

76
Q

This is DOC for RLS

A

ropinirole

77
Q

2 parkinson’s drugs used for:

monotherapy in mild PD
soothe response to l-dopa in late PD

A

ropinirole, pramipexole

DA Agonists

78
Q

Which drug is used as a rescue for periods off l-dopa?

A

apomorphine

79
Q

Which parkinson’s drug has the below SEs?

Nausea (Tx with Trimethobenzamide)
Avoid Odansetron (5HT system) , Prochlorperazine (DA D2 Blocker)
A

apomorphine

80
Q

Which parkinson’s drug has the below characteristics?

Early/Mild PD
Cause Livedo Reticularis (red/blue spotting of skin)
OD = Toxic Psychosis, Convulsions

A

amantadine

81
Q

used for PD associated psychosis

Not approved for dementia/Alzheimers

A

pimavanserin

82
Q

Which parkinson’s drugs?

Late stages - improves rigidity, tremor
Doesn’t help w. Bradykinesia
Effects increased by antidepressants/antihistamines

A

anticholinergics

83
Q

Which alzheimer’s drugs?

QD to slow progression, increase brain activity/cognitive function

A

cholinesterase inhibitors:

donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

84
Q

Which alzheimer’s drugs?

Use: Late Stage in combo w. AChEs

C/I: Use w. Meperidine, dxm

A

Memantine (NMDA Receptor Antagonist)

Pharmacology III (15 decks)

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