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Physiology I Block 2 > CNS control of ANS > Flashcards

CNS control of ANS Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic centers of CNS for controlling ANS are primarilly located where

A

hypothalamus

brain stem

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2
Q

What are some important examples of CNS control

A

micturition
pupillary diameter
cardiovascular function
temperature regulation

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3
Q

what is the most important region for coordination of autonomic output

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

what part of the medulla is important for visceral control

A

ventrolateral medulla

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5
Q

what two parts of the ventrolateral medulla do we need to know

A

rostral

caudal

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6
Q

what does RVLM stand for

A

rostral ventrolateral medulla

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7
Q

what does CVLM stand for

A

caudal ventrolateral medulla

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8
Q

RVLM is sympatho________

A

excitatory

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9
Q

CVLM is sympatho_______

A

inhibitory

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10
Q

describe RVLM

A

pressure area of medulla

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11
Q

describe CVLM

A

GABAergic influence on RVLM

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12
Q

hypothalamus is very important for

A

water balance
temperature
hunger

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13
Q

pons is important for

A

respiration
cardiac
urinary

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14
Q

medulla is important for

A

respiration

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15
Q

draw out the pons, medulla, hypothalamus, just generally where they are located

A

pg 4

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16
Q

arterial blood pressure =

A

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

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17
Q

cardiac output =

A

amount of blood pumped/time = heart rate x stroke volume (amount of blood pumped/beat)

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18
Q

total peripheral resistance =

A

resistance to blood flow (it reflects the volume of the container the blood is being pumped into)

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19
Q

generally, how can the nervous system change blood pressure?

A

by changing cardiac output or peripheral resistance

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20
Q

the entire control process of blood pressure is called

A

baroreceptor control of arterial pressure

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21
Q

the medulla controlling heart is what kind of control

A

negative feedback

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22
Q

in the negative feedback control, increase mean arterial pressure causes what

A

vasodilation and bradycardia (↓HR)

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23
Q

in the negative feedback control, decreased mean arterial pressure causes

A

vasoconstriction and tachycardia (↑HR)

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24
Q

blood pressure control system is a

A

negative feedback system

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25
Q

list the chain of events of negative feedback system in response to acute increase in arterial pressure

A

the increased pressure activates carotid sinus stretch receptors → increased firing in CN IX → excites cells in nucleus of solitary tract → integrated at brain stem levels → nucleus ambiguous and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus are excited → *CVLM excited for both PNS and SNS, *RVLM inhibited for SNS → increased parasympathetic efferent discharge CN X → decreased HR → decreased CO → decreased sympathetic efferent discharge → decreased HR & force of contraction → decreased CO → decreased vasoconstriction (aka vasodilation) → decreased vascular resistance → parasympathetic and sympathetic changes decrease BP back to normal

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26
Q

look at the diagram of sensory and motor neurons

A

pg 7

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27
Q

what determines arterial blood pressure?

A

CO x total peripheral resistance

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28
Q

Cardiac output (CO) =

A

= amount of blood pumped/time = heart rate X stroke volume (amount of blood pumped/beat).

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29
Q

total peripheral resistance =

A

resistance to blood flow (it reflects the volume of the container the blood is being pumped into.

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30
Q

draw the autonomic reflex diagram

A

pg 8

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31
Q

what are two ways nervous system can change BP?

A

change cardiac output

change peripheral resistance

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32
Q

how can nervous system change CO

A

changing PNS or SNS input to heart

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33
Q

how can nervous system change peripheral resistance

A

changing sympathetic input to blood vessels

34
Q

what is the blood pressure control system?

A

arterial baroreflex

35
Q

what kind of system is arterial baroreflex?

A

negative feedback

36
Q

draw out the huge awful diagram - do everything high yield!

A

be brave

pg 10

37
Q

how do both eyes constrict together if only one receives light

A

optic chiasm

38
Q

after brain receives info that there is too much light, what steps are done to constrict the iris

A

parasympathetic efferent neuron travels through occulomotor nerve to ciliary ganglion. pupillary restrictor → constrict pupil

39
Q

what muscles contract to dilate pupil

A

radial

40
Q

external sphincter is under

A

voluntary control (somatic NS)

41
Q

what system is on too much in overactive bladder

A

PNS

42
Q

what system is on too much in shy bladder

A

SNS

43
Q

what receptor for contracted bladder/detrusser muscle

A

M3

44
Q

what receptor for relaxed internal sphincter

A

M3

45
Q

what receptor for relaxed bladder/detrusser muscle

A

ß2

46
Q

what receptor for contracted internal sphincter

A

α1

47
Q

micturition is normally under controlled by

A

micturition reflex

48
Q

in micturition reflex, as urine fills bladder what happens

A

mechanoreceptors discharge as bladder is stretched

49
Q

list the steps in the micturition reflex

A

bladder volume increases & reaches critical level
Impulses to sacral cord via pelvic nerves
Reflex contraction of bladder wall - parasympathetic efferents
Relaxation of internal sphincter (inhibition of sympathetic)
Fluid in urethra causes more contraction
mptying of bladder

50
Q

what is barrington’s center

A

the micturition center in rostral pons

51
Q

draw diagram of micturition reflex

A

pg 15

52
Q

sympathoexcitatory

A

excite sympathetic NS

53
Q

sympathoinhibitor

A

inhibit sympathetic

activate parasympathetic ns

54
Q

baroreflex controls

A

arterial pressure

55
Q

increase in baroreceptor firing rate it’s looking at stretch of membrane, afferent info will go to

A

medulla

56
Q

medulla sees that there is deviation from normal operating range for mean arterial pressure, it will turn on what system

A

effector systems

57
Q

if arterial pressure too high, effector systems will inhibit and stimulate what

A

vasoconstriction from sympathetic and the excitatory input to the heart
increase parasympathetic to the heart

58
Q

parasympathetic input in M2 receptors

A

decrease HR, decrease conduction velocity, etc.

59
Q

if BP goes up what nerve will notice baroreceptors and respond

A

CN IX

60
Q

what nerve acts parasympathetic efferent to heart

A

vagus CN X

61
Q

example of excitatory neurotransmitter that could be released in arterial baroreflex

A

glutamate

62
Q

increased BP is going to stimulate

A

know organization on pg 10 test q

63
Q

got in car accident, lost blood, low BP, what happens to arterial baroreflex

A

decreased firing rate at carotid sinus
PNS has decreased excitation
SNS has increased excitation

64
Q

what muscle constricts pupil

A

circular muscle

or constructor muscle

65
Q

what CN is involved in pupillary light reflex

A

CN III (occulomotor)

66
Q

what is name of CN III

A

occulomotor

67
Q

what receptor is at sphincter muscle for eye

A

M3

68
Q

consensual response for other eye is what

A

how if one eye has light shined in, the other one will also constrict

69
Q

when you fill bladder what is predominant

A

sympathetic

70
Q

emptying bladder what is predominant

A

parasympathetic system

71
Q

what receptor relaxes detrusser muscle

A

ß2

72
Q

what receptor contracts detrusser muscle

A

M3

73
Q

what receptor contracts internal sphincter

A

α1

74
Q

what receptor relaxes internal sphincter

A

M3

75
Q

in order to stimulate parasympathetic for micturition reflex what has to happen?

A

bladder has to fill to certain volume

76
Q

what is G protein for M

A

Gq

77
Q

what is mechanism of action for M

A

phospholipase C increase (PLC)

78
Q

what is chemical mediator of relaxing internal sphincter

A

NO (nitric oxide)

79
Q

what is paruresis

A

unability to urinate

“shy bladder”

80
Q

what would you give for overactive bladder

A

M3 antagonist

81
Q

in pons what is the pontine micturition center called

A

barrington’s center

82
Q

where is barrington’s center located

A

pons

Physiology I Block 2 (7 decks)

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