CNS control of ANS

Question 1

autonomic centers of CNS for controlling ANS are primarilly located where

Answer 1

hypothalamus

brain stem

Question 2

What are some important examples of CNS control

Answer 2

micturition
pupillary diameter
cardiovascular function
temperature regulation

Question 3

what is the most important region for coordination of autonomic output

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

what part of the medulla is important for visceral control

Answer 4

ventrolateral medulla

Question 5

what two parts of the ventrolateral medulla do we need to know

Answer 5

rostral

caudal

Question 6

what does RVLM stand for

Answer 6

rostral ventrolateral medulla

Question 7

what does CVLM stand for

Answer 7

caudal ventrolateral medulla

Question 8

RVLM is sympatho________

Answer 8

excitatory

Question 9

CVLM is sympatho_______

Answer 9

inhibitory

Question 10

describe RVLM

Answer 10

pressure area of medulla

Question 11

describe CVLM

Answer 11

GABAergic influence on RVLM

Question 12

hypothalamus is very important for

Answer 12

water balance
temperature
hunger

Question 13

pons is important for

Answer 13

respiration
cardiac
urinary

Question 14

medulla is important for

Answer 14

respiration

Question 15

draw out the pons, medulla, hypothalamus, just generally where they are located

Answer 15

pg 4

Question 16

arterial blood pressure =

Answer 16

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 17

cardiac output =

Answer 17

amount of blood pumped/time = heart rate x stroke volume (amount of blood pumped/beat)

Question 18

total peripheral resistance =

Answer 18

resistance to blood flow (it reflects the volume of the container the blood is being pumped into)

Question 19

generally, how can the nervous system change blood pressure?

Answer 19

by changing cardiac output or peripheral resistance

Question 20

the entire control process of blood pressure is called

Answer 20

baroreceptor control of arterial pressure

Question 21

the medulla controlling heart is what kind of control

Answer 21

negative feedback

Question 22

in the negative feedback control, increase mean arterial pressure causes what

Answer 22

vasodilation and bradycardia (↓HR)

Question 23

in the negative feedback control, decreased mean arterial pressure causes

Answer 23

vasoconstriction and tachycardia (↑HR)

Question 24

blood pressure control system is a

Answer 24

negative feedback system

Question 25

list the chain of events of negative feedback system in response to acute increase in arterial pressure

Answer 25

the increased pressure activates carotid sinus stretch receptors → increased firing in CN IX → excites cells in nucleus of solitary tract → integrated at brain stem levels → nucleus ambiguous and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus are excited → *CVLM excited for both PNS and SNS, *RVLM inhibited for SNS → increased parasympathetic efferent discharge CN X → decreased HR → decreased CO → decreased sympathetic efferent discharge → decreased HR & force of contraction → decreased CO → decreased vasoconstriction (aka vasodilation) → decreased vascular resistance → parasympathetic and sympathetic changes decrease BP back to normal

Question 26

look at the diagram of sensory and motor neurons

Answer 26

pg 7

Question 27

what determines arterial blood pressure?

Answer 27

CO x total peripheral resistance

Question 28

Cardiac output (CO) =

Answer 28

= amount of blood pumped/time = heart rate X stroke volume (amount of blood pumped/beat).

Question 29

total peripheral resistance =

Answer 29

resistance to blood flow (it reflects the volume of the container the blood is being pumped into.

Question 30

draw the autonomic reflex diagram

Answer 30

pg 8

Question 31

what are two ways nervous system can change BP?

Answer 31

change cardiac output | change peripheral resistance

Question 32

how can nervous system change CO

Answer 32

changing PNS or SNS input to heart

Question 33

how can nervous system change peripheral resistance

Answer 33

changing sympathetic input to blood vessels

Question 34

what is the blood pressure control system?

Answer 34

arterial baroreflex

Question 35

what kind of system is arterial baroreflex?

Answer 35

negative feedback

Question 36

draw out the huge awful diagram - do everything high yield!

Answer 36

be brave | pg 10

Question 37

how do both eyes constrict together if only one receives light

Answer 37

optic chiasm

Question 38

after brain receives info that there is too much light, what steps are done to constrict the iris

Answer 38

parasympathetic efferent neuron travels through occulomotor nerve to ciliary ganglion. pupillary restrictor → constrict pupil

Question 39

what muscles contract to dilate pupil

Answer 39

radial

Question 40

external sphincter is under

Answer 40

voluntary control (somatic NS)

Question 41

what system is on too much in overactive bladder

Answer 41

PNS

Question 42

what system is on too much in shy bladder

Answer 42

SNS

Question 43

what receptor for contracted bladder/detrusser muscle

Answer 43

M3

Question 44

what receptor for relaxed internal sphincter

Answer 44

M3

Question 45

what receptor for relaxed bladder/detrusser muscle

Answer 45

ß2

Question 46

what receptor for contracted internal sphincter

Answer 46

α1

Question 47

micturition is normally under controlled by

Answer 47

micturition reflex

Question 48

in micturition reflex, as urine fills bladder what happens

Answer 48

mechanoreceptors discharge as bladder is stretched

Question 49

list the steps in the micturition reflex

Answer 49

bladder volume increases & reaches critical level Impulses to sacral cord via pelvic nerves Reflex contraction of bladder wall - parasympathetic efferents Relaxation of internal sphincter (inhibition of sympathetic) Fluid in urethra causes more contraction mptying of bladder

Question 50

what is barrington's center

Answer 50

the micturition center in rostral pons

Question 51

draw diagram of micturition reflex

Answer 51

pg 15

Question 52

sympathoexcitatory

Answer 52

excite sympathetic NS

Question 53

sympathoinhibitor

Answer 53

inhibit sympathetic | activate parasympathetic ns

Question 54

baroreflex controls

Answer 54

arterial pressure

Question 55

increase in baroreceptor firing rate it's looking at stretch of membrane, afferent info will go to

Answer 55

medulla

Question 56

medulla sees that there is deviation from normal operating range for mean arterial pressure, it will turn on what system

Answer 56

effector systems

Question 57

if arterial pressure too high, effector systems will inhibit and stimulate what

Answer 57

vasoconstriction from sympathetic and the excitatory input to the heart increase parasympathetic to the heart

Question 58

parasympathetic input in M2 receptors

Answer 58

decrease HR, decrease conduction velocity, etc.

Question 59

if BP goes up what nerve will notice baroreceptors and respond

Answer 59

CN IX

Question 60

what nerve acts parasympathetic efferent to heart

Answer 60

vagus CN X

Question 61

example of excitatory neurotransmitter that could be released in arterial baroreflex

Answer 61

glutamate

Question 62

increased BP is going to stimulate

Answer 62

know organization on pg 10 *test q*

Question 63

got in car accident, lost blood, low BP, what happens to arterial baroreflex

Answer 63

decreased firing rate at carotid sinus PNS has decreased excitation SNS has increased excitation

Question 64

what muscle constricts pupil

Answer 64

circular muscle | or constructor muscle

Question 65

what CN is involved in pupillary light reflex

Answer 65

CN III (occulomotor)

Question 66

what is name of CN III

Answer 66

occulomotor

Question 67

what receptor is at sphincter muscle for eye

Answer 67

M3

Question 68

consensual response for other eye is what

Answer 68

how if one eye has light shined in, the other one will also constrict

Question 69

when you fill bladder what is predominant

Answer 69

sympathetic

Question 70

emptying bladder what is predominant

Answer 70

parasympathetic system

Question 71

what receptor relaxes detrusser muscle

Answer 71

ß2

Question 72

what receptor contracts detrusser muscle

Answer 72

M3

Question 73

what receptor contracts internal sphincter

Answer 73

α1

Question 74

what receptor relaxes internal sphincter

Answer 74

M3

Question 75

in order to stimulate parasympathetic for micturition reflex what has to happen?

Answer 75

bladder has to fill to certain volume

Question 76

what is G protein for M

Answer 76

Gq

Question 77

what is mechanism of action for M

Answer 77

phospholipase C increase (PLC)

Question 78

what is chemical mediator of relaxing internal sphincter

Answer 78

NO (nitric oxide)

Question 79

what is paruresis

Answer 79

unability to urinate | "shy bladder"

Question 80

what would you give for overactive bladder

Answer 80

M3 antagonist

Question 81

in pons what is the pontine micturition center called

Answer 81

barrington's center

Question 82

where is barrington's center located

Answer 82

pons