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Physiology I Block 2 > ANS Overview > Flashcards

ANS Overview Flashcards

1
Q

sensory nerves that carry messages from periphery to CNS are called

A

afferent nerves

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2
Q

sensory nerves that carry messages from CNS to peripheral tissues are called

A

efferent nerves

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system consits of what generally

A

parts of nervous system that lie outside dura matter

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4
Q

starting with peripheral nervous system draw chain chart with motor and sensory, etc

A

pg 4

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5
Q

somatic division of efferent division innervates

A

skeletal musculature

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6
Q

motor division: voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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7
Q

motor division: autonomic divsion innervates

A

viscera

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8
Q

motor division autonomic division: voluntary or involutnary

A

involuntary

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9
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the ANS

A

parasympathetic
sympathetic
enteric

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10
Q

in sympathetic nervous system nerves leave the spinal cord wehre?

A

thoracolumbar ventral roots

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11
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system neves leave the spinal cord where?

A

cranial nerves and sacral ventral roots.

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12
Q

in somatic nervous system how many neurons b/w spinal cord and effector organ

A

one

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13
Q

in ANS how many nerons b/w spinal cord and effector organ

A

2
preganglionic
postganglionic

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14
Q

in sympathetic nervous system, what is the neurotransmitter that links the postganglionic neuron to effector cell

A

norepinephrine

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15
Q

in the parasympathetic nervous system, what is the neurotransmitter that links the postganglionic neuron to effector cell

A

acetylcholine

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16
Q

chemically, preganglionic nerve terminals of PNS & SNS release

A

ACh -Nicotinic receptors

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17
Q

chemically, PNS postganglionic neurons release

A

ACh -Muscarinic receptors

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18
Q

chemically, SNS postganglionic neurons release

A

NE – α or β receptors

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19
Q

what cells release ACh?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic & sympathetic neurons

postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

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20
Q

what receptors does Ach bind to?

A

nicotinic

muscarinic

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21
Q

what are three examples of Catecholamines

A

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine

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22
Q

what cells release catecholamines

A

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

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23
Q

what are the receptors for catecholamines

A

alpha & beta receptors

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24
Q

the efferent autonomic projection is directed at what

A

smooth cardiac muscle & glandular tissu

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25
Q

draw chart of CNS

A

pg 8

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26
Q

why do we need ANS?

A

 Maintain homeostatic conditions within the body
 Coordinate the body’s responses to exercise and stress
 Assist the endocrine system to regulate reproduction

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27
Q

Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic: fight or flight; exercise, excitement, emergency, embarassement
parasympathetic: rest and digest; digestion, defecation, diuresis

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28
Q

preganglionic nerotransmitter for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic

A

both: Ach

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29
Q

postganglionic neurotransmittr for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic

A

sympathetic: NE (Adrenergic)
parasympethic: ACh (cholinergic)

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30
Q

presynaptic receptor for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic

A

both: nicotinic

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31
Q

postsynpatic receptor for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic

A

sympathetic: adrenergic (alpha and beta) and muscarinic
parasympathetic: muscarinic

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32
Q

where does sympathetic nervous system emanate from regarding CNS

A

thoracolumnar regions T1-L3

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33
Q

where does parasympathetic nervous system emanate from regarding CNS

A

craniosacral regions (Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX and X, and S2-S4).

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34
Q

compare the length of postganglionic fibers of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

 Sympathetic: long postganglionic fibers

 Parasympathetic: short postganglionic fibers

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35
Q

compare the branching axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

sympathetic axons are highly branched

parasympathetic axons have few branches -localized effect

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36
Q

list the major physiological responses of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepares body for physical activity (fight or flight)
 Increases heart rate and blood flow
 Deep and rapid breathing
 The skin is cold (reduced blood flow) and sweaty
 Dry mouth
 Increases blood glucose
 Inhibits digestive and urinary function

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37
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

38
Q

CN VII

A

facial

39
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

40
Q

CN X

A

vagus

41
Q

list the major physiological responses of PNS

A

Involves the D activities (digestion, diuresis and defecation)
 Keeps body energy use low
 Its activity is illustrated in a person who relaxes after a meal
 Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low
 GI tract activity is high
 The skin is warm and the pupils are constricted.

42
Q

where do parasympathetic fibers NOT innervates

A

body wall structures: sweat glands, piloerector muscles, cutaneous blood vessels
the sympathetic innervates all these

43
Q

the enteric nervous system is the nervous system of what organs

A

gut, gall bladder, pancreas

44
Q

how are neurons organized in enteric nervous system

A

plexus

45
Q

what is another name for Myenteric plexus

A

Auerbach’s

46
Q

what is another name for submucosal plexus

A

Meissner’s

47
Q

where will you find myenteric plexus

A

b/w longitudinal and circular muscle layers

48
Q

what does myenteric plexus regulate

A

muscle activity in gut

49
Q

where will you find submucosal plexus

A

b/w mucus membranes of gut

50
Q

what does submucosal plexus regualate

A

glandular secretion

51
Q

what would produce a state of autonomic tone

A

both systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic) acting simultaneously on same target organ

52
Q

what are reciprocal effects (antagonistic)

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic oppose each other, basically have opposite effect on an organ

53
Q

what is dual innervation

A

most organs in body are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic

54
Q

what is another way for saying reciprocal effect

A

antagonistic effect

55
Q

what would innervate the pupillary dilator muscle

A

sympathetic

56
Q

what would innervate the pupillary constrictor muscle

A

parasympathetic

57
Q

how does sympathetic increase heart rate

A

NE → beta 1 → HR increases

58
Q

how does NE increase heart rate

A

it increases heart rate and strength of contraction and velocity of conduction through beta adrenergic receptors
it acts on pacemaker cells, cardiac muscle, and coronary arteries

59
Q

what does NE stand for

A

norepinephrine

60
Q

how does parasympathetic nervous system decrease heart rate

A

ACh → M2 → HR decreases

61
Q

how does ACh decrease heart rate

A

decreases rate and strength of contraction through ACh action on muscarinic receptors

62
Q

what is dual innervation with coordinated or cooperative effects

A

when two systems act on different effectors to provide unified effect

63
Q

name the best example of cooperative effects

A

sympathetic: “shoot” ejaculation
parasympathetic: “point” vasodilation = erection

64
Q

what effectors only have sympathetic innervation

A 
adrenal medulla
sweat glands
vascular smooth muscle
piloerector muscle of skin
liver
adipose tissue
kidney
65
Q

the sympathetic system independently controls what

A

thermoregulatory response to heat
release of renin from kidney
metabolic functions

66
Q

what are the three major control systems for the ANS

A

hypothalamus
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
spinal cord refelxes

67
Q

what is the Main integration site of ANS activity-major visceral motor control center

A

hypothalamus

68
Q

what is hypothalamus particularly important in regulating

A

food intake (satiety)
thirst
temperature regulation

69
Q

what does satiety mean

A

being fed

70
Q

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are important in regulating

A

nuclei for cardiac and vasomotor control, salivation, swallowing, sweating, bladder control, and pupillary changes

71
Q

spinal cord reflexes are important in regulating

A

defecation and micturition reflexes are integrated in spinal cord
blood pressure control
(we control these functions because of our control over skeletal muscle sphincters )

72
Q

at ganglia nicotinic receptor is called

A

N2

73
Q

at parasympathetic postganglionic neuron wil always release

A

Ach

74
Q

what is the length of sympathetic preganglionic

A

short

75
Q

What is TYPICAL pathway for sympathetic

A

short preganglionig → Ach → N2 → long post-ganglionic → NE → alpha 1 or beta 1 or alpha 2 or beta 3 receptor

76
Q

if there’s predominance of alpha1 in blood vesel you will get

A

restriction

77
Q

if there’s predominance of beta 2 in skeletal muscle arterioles you will get

A

relaxation (vasodilation)

78
Q

epinephrine prefers to bind to

A

beta 2

79
Q

cholinergic neuron

A

releasea Ach

80
Q

what is exception to sympathetic path

A

Preganglionic → Ach → N2→ postganglionic → Ach → M (sweat!)

81
Q

adrenal medulla stimulation of Ach will liberate

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

82
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla are considered

A

hormones

83
Q

when there is stimulus of adrenal medulla from sympathetic there is a HIGH release of what and lower release of what

A

high amount of epinephrine released

small amount of norepinephrine

84
Q

N1 for

A

neuromuscular

85
Q

if it’s alpha 1 receptor, what will it do

A

contract

86
Q

if it’s beta 1 receptor where is it

A

most likely in heart

87
Q

if it’s beta 2 receptor what will it do

A

relaxation (like in bronchial, dilates them)

88
Q

describe what happens to saliva with parasympathetic stimulation

A

produces a prompt and abundant (copious) flow of watery saliva

89
Q

describe what happens to salive with sympathetic stimulation

A

dry and viscous
produces a much smaller volume of thick saliva that is rich in mucus (more viscous).
mouth feels drier than usual in stressful conditions

90
Q 
adrenal medulla
sweat glands
vascular smooth muscle
piloerector muscles of the skin
liver
adipose tissue
kidney
they are all:
A

sympathetic innervation only

91
Q

how much epinpehrine released from adrenal medulla

A

80%

92
Q

how much norepinephrine released from adrenal medulla

A

20%

Physiology I Block 2 (7 decks)

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