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Physiology I Block 2 > ANS Overview > Flashcards

ANS Overview Flashcards

1
Q

sensory nerves that carry messages from periphery to CNS are called

A

afferent nerves

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2
Q

sensory nerves that carry messages from CNS to peripheral tissues are called

A

efferent nerves

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system consits of what generally

A

parts of nervous system that lie outside dura matter

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4
Q

starting with peripheral nervous system draw chain chart with motor and sensory, etc

A

pg 4

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5
Q

somatic division of efferent division innervates

A

skeletal musculature

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6
Q

motor division: voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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7
Q

motor division: autonomic divsion innervates

A

viscera

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8
Q

motor division autonomic division: voluntary or involutnary

A

involuntary

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9
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the ANS

A

parasympathetic
sympathetic
enteric

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10
Q

in sympathetic nervous system nerves leave the spinal cord wehre?

A

thoracolumbar ventral roots

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11
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system neves leave the spinal cord where?

A

cranial nerves and sacral ventral roots.

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12
Q

in somatic nervous system how many neurons b/w spinal cord and effector organ

A

one

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13
Q

in ANS how many nerons b/w spinal cord and effector organ

A

2
preganglionic
postganglionic

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14
Q

in sympathetic nervous system, what is the neurotransmitter that links the postganglionic neuron to effector cell

A

norepinephrine

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15
Q

in the parasympathetic nervous system, what is the neurotransmitter that links the postganglionic neuron to effector cell

A

acetylcholine

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16
Q

chemically, preganglionic nerve terminals of PNS & SNS release

A

ACh -Nicotinic receptors

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17
Q

chemically, PNS postganglionic neurons release

A

ACh -Muscarinic receptors

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18
Q

chemically, SNS postganglionic neurons release

A

NE – α or β receptors

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19
Q

what cells release ACh?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic & sympathetic neurons

postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

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20
Q

what receptors does Ach bind to?

A

nicotinic

muscarinic

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21
Q

what are three examples of Catecholamines

A

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine

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22
Q

what cells release catecholamines

A

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

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23
Q

what are the receptors for catecholamines

A

alpha & beta receptors

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24
Q

the efferent autonomic projection is directed at what

A

smooth cardiac muscle & glandular tissu

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25
draw chart of CNS
pg 8
26
why do we need ANS?
 Maintain homeostatic conditions within the body  Coordinate the body's responses to exercise and stress  Assist the endocrine system to regulate reproduction
27
Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic
Sympathetic: fight or flight; exercise, excitement, emergency, embarassement parasympathetic: rest and digest; digestion, defecation, diuresis
28
preganglionic nerotransmitter for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic
both: Ach
29
postganglionic neurotransmittr for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic
sympathetic: NE (Adrenergic) parasympethic: ACh (cholinergic)
30
presynaptic receptor for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic
both: nicotinic
31
postsynpatic receptor for Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic
sympathetic: adrenergic (alpha and beta) and muscarinic parasympathetic: muscarinic
32
where does sympathetic nervous system emanate from regarding CNS
thoracolumnar regions T1-L3
33
where does parasympathetic nervous system emanate from regarding CNS
craniosacral regions (Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX and X, and S2-S4).
34
compare the length of postganglionic fibers of sympathetic and parasympathetic
 Sympathetic: long postganglionic fibers |  Parasympathetic: short postganglionic fibers
35
compare the branching axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic axons are highly branched | parasympathetic axons have few branches -localized effect
36
list the major physiological responses of the sympathetic nervous system
Prepares body for physical activity (fight or flight)  Increases heart rate and blood flow  Deep and rapid breathing  The skin is cold (reduced blood flow) and sweaty  Dry mouth  Increases blood glucose  Inhibits digestive and urinary function
37
CN III
oculomotor
38
CN VII
facial
39
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
40
CN X
vagus
41
list the major physiological responses of PNS
Involves the D activities (digestion, diuresis and defecation)  Keeps body energy use low  Its activity is illustrated in a person who relaxes after a meal  Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rates are low  GI tract activity is high  The skin is warm and the pupils are constricted.
42
where do parasympathetic fibers NOT innervates
body wall structures: sweat glands, piloerector muscles, cutaneous blood vessels the sympathetic innervates all these
43
the enteric nervous system is the nervous system of what organs
gut, gall bladder, pancreas
44
how are neurons organized in enteric nervous system
plexus
45
what is another name for Myenteric plexus
Auerbach’s
46
what is another name for submucosal plexus
Meissner’s
47
where will you find myenteric plexus
b/w longitudinal and circular muscle layers
48
what does myenteric plexus regulate
muscle activity in gut
49
where will you find submucosal plexus
b/w mucus membranes of gut
50
what does submucosal plexus regualate
glandular secretion
51
what would produce a state of autonomic tone
both systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic) acting simultaneously on same target organ
52
what are reciprocal effects (antagonistic)
sympathetic and parasympathetic oppose each other, basically have opposite effect on an organ
53
what is dual innervation
most organs in body are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic
54
what is another way for saying reciprocal effect
antagonistic effect
55
what would innervate the pupillary dilator muscle
sympathetic
56
what would innervate the pupillary constrictor muscle
parasympathetic
57
how does sympathetic increase heart rate
NE → beta 1 → HR increases
58
how does NE increase heart rate
it increases heart rate and strength of contraction and velocity of conduction through beta adrenergic receptors it acts on pacemaker cells, cardiac muscle, and coronary arteries
59
what does NE stand for
norepinephrine
60
how does parasympathetic nervous system decrease heart rate
ACh → M2 → HR decreases
61
how does ACh decrease heart rate
decreases rate and strength of contraction through ACh action on muscarinic receptors
62
what is dual innervation with coordinated or cooperative effects
when two systems act on different effectors to provide unified effect
63
name the best example of cooperative effects
sympathetic: "shoot" ejaculation parasympathetic: "point" vasodilation = erection
64
what effectors only have sympathetic innervation
``` adrenal medulla sweat glands vascular smooth muscle piloerector muscle of skin liver adipose tissue kidney ```
65
the sympathetic system independently controls what
thermoregulatory response to heat release of renin from kidney metabolic functions
66
what are the three major control systems for the ANS
hypothalamus midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata spinal cord refelxes
67
what is the Main integration site of ANS activity-major visceral motor control center
hypothalamus
68
what is hypothalamus particularly important in regulating
food intake (satiety) thirst temperature regulation
69
what does satiety mean
being fed
70
midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are important in regulating
nuclei for cardiac and vasomotor control, salivation, swallowing, sweating, bladder control, and pupillary changes
71
spinal cord reflexes are important in regulating
defecation and micturition reflexes are integrated in spinal cord blood pressure control (we control these functions because of our control over skeletal muscle sphincters )
72
at ganglia nicotinic receptor is called
N2
73
at parasympathetic postganglionic neuron wil always release
Ach
74
what is the length of sympathetic preganglionic
short
75
What is TYPICAL pathway for sympathetic
short preganglionig → Ach → N2 → long post-ganglionic → NE → alpha 1 or beta 1 or alpha 2 or beta 3 receptor
76
if there's predominance of alpha1 in blood vesel you will get
restriction
77
if there's predominance of beta 2 in skeletal muscle arterioles you will get
relaxation (vasodilation)
78
epinephrine prefers to bind to
beta 2
79
cholinergic neuron
releasea Ach
80
what is exception to sympathetic path
Preganglionic → Ach → N2→ postganglionic → Ach → M (sweat!)
81
adrenal medulla stimulation of Ach will liberate
epinephrine and norepinephrine
82
epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla are considered
hormones
83
when there is stimulus of adrenal medulla from sympathetic there is a HIGH release of what and lower release of what
high amount of epinephrine released | small amount of norepinephrine
84
N1 for
neuromuscular
85
if it's alpha 1 receptor, what will it do
contract
86
if it's beta 1 receptor where is it
most likely in heart
87
if it's beta 2 receptor what will it do
relaxation (like in bronchial, dilates them)
88
describe what happens to saliva with parasympathetic stimulation
produces a prompt and abundant (copious) flow of watery saliva
89
describe what happens to salive with sympathetic stimulation
dry and viscous produces a much smaller volume of thick saliva that is rich in mucus (more viscous). mouth feels drier than usual in stressful conditions
90
``` adrenal medulla sweat glands vascular smooth muscle piloerector muscles of the skin liver adipose tissue kidney they are all: ```
sympathetic innervation only
91
how much epinpehrine released from adrenal medulla
80%
92
how much norepinephrine released from adrenal medulla
20%

Physiology I Block 2 (7 decks)

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