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Physiology I Block 2 > ANS Sympathetic > Flashcards

ANS Sympathetic Flashcards

1
Q

what is the overall function of sympathetic NS

A

mobilize body for action

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2
Q

where do preganglionic neurons arise from

A

T1-L3

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3
Q

the adrenal medulla is a specialized

A

sympathetic ganglia

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4
Q

describe pre and post ganglia length for SNS

A

short preganglionic

long postganglionic

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5
Q

describe the pre and post ganglionic cells and their myelination

A

pre are myelinated

post are not myelinated

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6
Q

adrenalla medulla contains

A

modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons (adrenal chromaffin cells)

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7
Q

what are adrenal chromaffin cells

A

modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons

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8
Q

draw out the exceptions to SNS

A

pg 4

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9
Q

look at list of sympathetic receptors, find similarities, organize, understand, know

A

pg 6 & 7

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10
Q

what is Hyperhidrosis

A

excessive and unpredictable sweating

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11
Q

how does botox prevent swelling

A

it blocks release of Ach, so person doesn’t sweat

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12
Q

chromaffin cells are modified

A

sympathetic post-ganglion cells

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13
Q

describe the length of pre and post ganglia in adrenal medulla

A

both are short

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14
Q

what is the cell in adrenal medulla important for SNS

A

chromaffin cells

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15
Q

what is released from pre and “post” ganglia in adrenal medulla

A

pre: Ach
post: EPI & NE

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16
Q

what is ratio of EPI and NE released from adrenal medulla

A

80% EPI

20% NE

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17
Q

where do EPI and NE bind

A

alpha and beta receptors

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18
Q

the adrenal medulla reinforces

A

the actions of sympathetic NS

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19
Q

is adrenal medulla always activated as part of SNS?

A

no

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20
Q

activation of adrenal medulla is associated with

A

stress

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21
Q

what kind of receptor is α adrenergic receptor

A

G protein coupled

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22
Q

where are α adrenergic receptors found

A

smooth muscles & glands

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23
Q

what is a typical α 1 agonist

A

phenylephrine

“Phenyl a friend”

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24
Q

phenylephrine is used primarily for what three things

A

decongestant
pupillary dilator
vasopressor

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25
Q

explain how phenylephrine can be used as decongestant

A

vasoconstriction of nasal sinusoidal vessels to decrease nasal blood flow which will then decrease musous

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26
Q

how is phenylephrine used as pupillary dilator

A

eye drops to enhance visualization of the retina by contracting the radial muscle to dilate the pupil.

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27
Q

how is phenylephrine used as vasopressor

A

contracts peripheral arterioles to increase blood pressure without significant effects on heart rate or contractility.

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28
Q

what is an antagonist against α 1 and α 2

A

phentolamine

“Phen told on me”

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29
Q

What is phentolamine used primarily for

A

vasodilator

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30
Q

target cells can respond to the same neurotransmitter differently depending on

A

the type of receptor they have

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31
Q

NE stands for

A

norepinephrine

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32
Q

NE activation of α 1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cause

A

constriction

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33
Q

NE activation of ß2 receptors in detrusor muscle cause

A

relaxation

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34
Q

where are α2 receptors likely to be found

A

adipose tissue
pancreas
smooth muscle of blood vessel

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35
Q

what is the result of α2 receptors on adipose tissue

A

inhibition of lipolysis

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36
Q

what is the result of α2 receptors on pancreas

A

inhibition of insulin release

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37
Q

what is the result of α2 receptors on smooth muscle of blood vessel

A

contraction

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38
Q

Look at chart on pg 35 & 36

A

find patterns, understand

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39
Q

ßadrenergic receptors are all

A

G protein coupled receptors

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40
Q

where are ß adrenergic receptors most likely to be found

A

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

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41
Q

what is agonist for ß1 & ß2

A

isoproterenol

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42
Q

what is isoproterenol used for

A

treatment of
bradycardia, heart block and
rarely for asthma.

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43
Q

what affects does isoproterenol have on the heart

A

inotropic & chronotropic effects

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44
Q

ionotropic & chronotropic effects mean that isoproterenol will

A

elevate systolic BP

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45
Q

ß2 stimulation in arteriolar smooth muscle induces what, what is effect

A

vasodilation

lowers diastolic BP

46
Q

what is antgonist against ß1 and ß2

A

propranolol

47
Q

what is propranolol used to treat

A 
tremors
angina (chest pain)
hypertension
heart rhythm disorders
other heart or circulatory conditions
treats or prevents heart attacks
reduces severity and frequency of migraines
48
Q

what is angina

A

chest pain

49
Q

where is ß1 most likely to be found

A

heart muscle
adipose
kidney

50
Q

what is response of ß1 on heart muscle

A

positive ionotropic & chronotropic effect

51
Q

what is response of ß1 on adipose

A

lipolysis

52
Q

what is resopnse of ß1 on kidney

A

renin release

53
Q

adrenergic and muscarinic receptors activate what to generate the second messenger cascade

A

adenylyl cyclase

phospholipase C

54
Q

ANS receptors are G protein coupled receptors, they are also known as

A

Serpentine Receptors

55
Q

G proteins involved in ANS receptor signal transduction are

A

heterotrimeric G-proteins

56
Q

describe heterotrimeric G-proteins

A

have α, ß, gamma

α is coupled to GDP, when G protein is activated GTPase will switch GDP to GTP and α is activated

57
Q

draw out α1 receptor activation

A

pg 24

58
Q

draw out ß adrenergic receptor activation

A

pg 25

59
Q

show how α receptor can have negative feedback

A

pg 26

60
Q

what is SNS and PNS role in micturation

A

SNS: relax detrusser muscle, contract internal sphincter
PNS: contract detrusser muscle, relax internal sphincter

61
Q

what is SNS role in regulation of pupil

A

dilation (mydriasis): α1

relaxes ciliary muscle for far vision: ß2

62
Q

what is PNS role in regulation of pupil

A

constrisction (miosis): M3

contract ciliary muscle for near vision: M3

63
Q

to dilate, what muscle is affected and how

A

radial muscle, contracted

64
Q

to constrict pupil, what muscle is affected and how

A

sphincter muscle, contracted

65
Q

research

A

raynaud’s phenomenon

66
Q

research horner syndrome

A

yay

67
Q

research

A

pheochromocytoma

68
Q

if preganglionic is not synapsing in sympathetic trunk where is it synapsing

A

adrenal medulla

69
Q

draw out sympathetic nervous system pathway

A

pg 4

70
Q

epinephrine tends to prefer to bind to what receptor

A

ß2

71
Q

norepinephrine tends to prefer to bind to what receptor

A

α1

72
Q

fight or flight what will be released

A

EPI

73
Q

primary receptor for sympathetic NS

A

ß1

74
Q

what is primary sympathetic receptor for sympathetic NS in the heart

A

ß1

75
Q

if ß1 receptor in heart is stimulated there will be increase in

A

CO

76
Q

most blood vessel receptors for blood vessels for sympathetic, what is dominant receptor

A

α1

77
Q

what does α1 receptor do to blood vessels

A

constriction

78
Q

what are primary sympathetic receptors for respiratory system

A

ß2 (major contributor)

α1

79
Q

Ach contracts bronchioles and also provides

A

secretion in bronchioles

80
Q

what does ß2 receptor do to repiratory system

A

relaxes - open up the bronchioles

81
Q

what is sympathetic receptor for pupil dilator muscle

A

α1

82
Q

what is sympathetic receptor for iris sphincter muscle

A

trick! there is no. only parasympathetic

83
Q

what is sympathetic receptor for ciliary msucle

A

ß2

84
Q

what does ß2 do to ciliary muscle

A

relaxes

85
Q

what does α1 do to pupil dilator muscle

A

dilates - aka mydriasis

86
Q

renin secrtion for sympathetic is what receptor

A

ß1

87
Q

stimulating glycolysis is what sympathetic receptor

A

ß1

88
Q

what does sympathetic receptors do to uterus

A

α1 contracts when pregnant

ß2 relaxes when not pregnant

89
Q

why is botox used in face

A

relax skeletal muscle

90
Q

what is primarilly released from adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

91
Q

what is the basis of neurotransmitter effects determined by

A

receptor distribution ( in a particular tissue)

biochemical properties (mechanism of action) of the cells in that tissue
i.e. the second messenger and enzyme systems present within the cell)
92
Q

what is phenylephrine

A

selective α1 agonist

93
Q

phenylephrine will do what to BP

A

increase

94
Q

if you’re only acting on α1 will you have direct cardiac effect

A

no

indirect effect though

95
Q

what is phentolamine

A

nonselective α1 and α2 antagonist

96
Q

α2 where is it

A

presynaptive - negative feedback mechanism (pg 25)

97
Q

what is result of α2

A

decrease in sympathetic system - it is involved in negative feedback

98
Q

what is predominant receptor in vessels

A

α1

99
Q

pheochromocytoma - what is it

A

tumor in adrenal medulla

100
Q

when there is pheochromocytoma what happens

A

secretes too much catecholamines, massive increase in BP, and if at that point it is an emergency

101
Q

what does Gq do

A

phospholipase C

102
Q

what is G protein for α1

A

Gq

103
Q

α2 is typically

A

inhibitory

104
Q

α2 g protein is

A

Gi

105
Q

what is isopreoterenol

A

non-selective ß1 and ß2 agonist

106
Q

what is adrenergic

A

relating to or denoting nerve cells in which epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), or a similar substance acts as a neurotransmitter.

107
Q

what is propranolol

A

nonselective ß1 and ß2 antagonist

108
Q

what G protein are all the ß receptors linked to

A

Gs

109
Q

what is predominant receptor in bladder

A

ß2

110
Q

α1 adrenergic receptor activation is the same as in

A

M1 M3 M5

111
Q

α2 inhibits

A

adenylyl cyclase

112
Q

external sphincter is

A

neuromuscular junction

Physiology I Block 2 (7 decks)

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