ANS Parasympathetic Flashcards
1
Q
mushroom acts on what
A
acts on muscarinic receptor
2
Q
CN IX innervates
A
parotid gland (salivary)
3
Q
CN X innervates
A
SO MUCH!
4
Q
sympathetic stimulation think increase in
A
secretion
5
Q
M3 think
A
contraction
6
Q
during micturition what dominate
A
parasympathetic: M3
7
Q
what is muscarinic agonist
A
muscarine
8
Q
muscarinic receptors are all
A
g protein coupled
9
Q
M2 is in the
A
heart
10
Q
agonist for nicotinic receptor
A
nicotine
11
Q
antagonist for nicotinic receptor
A
N2: Hexamethonium
N1: Curare
12
Q
if hexamethonium is given what will happen to parasympathetic system
A
go down in activity
sympathetic will go down b/c N2 receptors are in both ganglia
13
Q
N2 similar to
A
N1 in skeletal muscle
14
Q
adrenal medulla has what receptors
A
N2
15
Q
atropine and scopolamine are
A
muscarinic antagonist
16
Q
what is the overall function of PNS?
A
restorative, to conserve energy
17
Q
preganglionic neurons of the PNS arise from nuclei of where
A
CN III, VII, IX, X
S2-4
18
Q
describe the length of pre an post ganglia length for PNS
A
preganglionic: long
postganglionic: short
19
Q
where is the approximate origin of CN III
A
midbrain
20
Q
where is the approximate origin of CN VII and IX
A
upper medulla
21
Q
where is the approximate origin of CN X
A
middle medulla
22
Q
how does CN III affect pupil?
A
constricts pupil
23
Q
what does CN VII secrete?
A
tears
watery salivation
24
Q
describe the myelination of the PNS
A
preganglionic cells are myelinated
postganglionic cells are unmyelinated
25
CN IX secretes
copious watery saliva
26
name some things CN X does
```
constricts airway
slows heart rate
stimulates digestion
stimulates secretion of insulin and digestive enzymes in pancreas
stimulates activity of intestines
stimulates gall bladder to release bile
```
27
Name some functions of the splachnic nerves of PNS
micturition
dilates blood vessels in intesine and rectum
male erection
engorgement and secretions in female
28
why are pre and postganlionic axons called cholinergic
they release Ach
29
effector organs of PNS have what kind of receptor
only muscarinic
30
nicotine is an
agonist
31
muscarine is an
agonist
32
what does nicotine do
binds to nicotinic receptor, mimics Ach
33
what does muscarine do
binds to muscarine receptor, mimics Ach
34
where is M1 receptor found
smooth muscle & glands of gut
35
where is M2 receptor found
smooth and cardiac muscle
| think heart!
36
where is M3 receptor found
smooth muscle and glands of all targets
37
where are N1 receptors found
skeletal muscle (motor end plate)
38
where are N2 receptors found
basically anywhere you would find N receptor that is not skeletal muscle. all preganglionig PNS have N2 receptor
39
what is mechanism of action for nicotinic receptors
open Na+ and K+ channels → depol.
40
what is an antagonist for nicotinic receptor
curare N1
| Hexamethonium N2
41
result of nicotinic receptor is always
stimulatory
| always results in depol.
42
what is the mechanism of action for muscarinic receptor
think G coupled
| IP3 → increased intracellular calcium, → decreased adenylyl cyclase → decreased cAMP
43
what is the antagonist for msucarinic receptor
Atropine, Scopolamine
44
what does muscarinic receptor do to adnylyl cyclase
inhibits
45
what does muscarinic receptor do to phoslipase C (PLC)
stimulate
46
what does muscarinic receptor do to ion channels?
regulates
47
describe very basically how muscarinic receptors work
they are G protein coupled receptors, so they have affect on adenylyl cyclase and PLC to generate second messenger cascade
48
what is the agonist for nicotinic receptor
nicotine
49
what is the antagonist for N1
curare
50
what is the antagonist for N2
Hexamethonium
51
what is major Muscarinic receptor for the heart
M2
52
draw chart of M1, M3, M3, what they affect and how they affect it
pg 16
53
how are G protein coupled receptors activated
GDP → GTP
54
draw very GENERALLY how M1 and M3 are activated
pg 17
55
draw very generally how M2 and M4 are activated
pg 18 & 19
56
what is the agonist for alpha adrenergic receptor? (for catecholamines)
phenylephrine
think "phenil's a friend"
57
what is the anatagonist for alpha adrenergic receptor for catecholamines?
phentolamine (alpha 1 & alpha 2)
| "Phen told on me"
58
what is the agonist for beta adrenergic receptor for catecholamines?
isoproterenol
59
what is the antagonist for beta adrenergic receptor for catecholamines?
propranolol (beta 1 and beta 2)
60
mushroom poisoning will cause what kind of symptoms
cholinergic (think norepinephrine!, fight or flight symptoms)
61
what controls pupillary dilator
sympathetic
62
what controls pupillary constrictor
parasympathetic
63
what does miosis mean
pupil constricted
64
what does mydriasis mean
pupil dilated
65
what type of sympathetic receptor for dilated pupil
alpha 1
66
what type of parasympathetic receptor for constricted pupil
M3
67
what receptor for sympathetic helps with lens for better eyesight for far vision
beta 2
68
what receptor for parasympathetic helps with lens for nearsighted vision
M3
69
how do belladonna drops work
they contain atropine, drop them in your eye, they block pupillary constrictor, so pupil will dilate
70
go through pg 27 & 28 and find patterns and tricks
pg 27-28
71
explain sympathetic role in micturition
for FILLING
relaxes detrusor muscle
contracts internal sphincter
(external sphincter contracts voluntarily)
72
explain parasympathetic role in micturition
EMPTYING
contracts detrusor muscle
relaxes internal sphincter
(external sphincter contracts voluntarily)
73
where is M1 usually found
ganglia
74
what are the most predominant receptor in ganglia
N1
75
Hexamethonium will not work at
neuromuscular junction
76
Hexamethonium will affect both
PNS and SNS
77
alpha 1 region
sphincters, blood vessels
78
if you block alpha 1 what happens to BP
it will go down,
| will vasodilate
79
dilator muscle being stimluated by
sympathetic
80
alpha 1 agonist will do what to eye
makes eye dilate, acts on dilator muscle
81
sphincter or constricter eye muscle has what receptor
M3
82
dilator eye muscle has what receptor
alpha 1
83
give muscarinic agonist to pts eye induce
constricution
84
alpha 1 agonist to pts eye induce
dilation
85
when you accomodate for vision what do you use
ciliary muscle
86
beta 2 receptor, it will do what to eye
relax ciliary musle for far vision
87
when you relax ciliary muscle you do wht to lens
make it flatter so you can see far
88
parasympathetic for ciliary engage what receptors
M3
89
M3 parasympathetic do what to ciliary muscle
contract it - helps for near vision
90
what is receptor for near vision
M3
91
what is receptor for far vision
Beta 2
92
what does belladonna do
act on sphincter muscle to relax it
| atropine like drug, it is a muscarinic antagonist, it blocks pupillary constrictor
93
what is predominant parasympathetic receptor in the heart
M2
94
what does M2 do to heart
decrease it all - decreases HR etc.
95
what is major parasympathetic receptor for blood vessel
M3
96
where are M3 receptors in blood
think erection
97
what is major parasympathetic receptor for digestive system
M3
98
what receptor is in internal urethral sphincter
alpha 1
99
draw pic of urinary regulation
pg 31
100
how do you know when you need to urinate
mechanoreceptors - will increase firing rate
101
what will signal do to parasympathetic system when you get signal to pee
stimulate
detrusor muscle contracts
internal sphincter muscle relaxes
