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BIO2135 Keywords > Cnidaria > Flashcards

Cnidaria Flashcards

1
Q

Aboral surface

A

side opposite of the mouth (also the pedal disk on which an anthozoan sits)

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2
Q

Acontia

A

In sea anemome, acontia are thin thread-like projections extending below the septa.

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3
Q

Anthozoa

A

tentacles surrounding the oral disk, biradially symmetric, ONLY polyp stage, planula larva. ex: coral reefs and sea anemone

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4
Q

Biradial symmetry

A

Showing both radial and bilateral symmetry with 3 axes, resulting in two ends and two pairs of symmetrical sides.

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5
Q

Blastula

A

An animal embryo at the early stage of development, a hollow ball of cells

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6
Q

Budding

A

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site

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7
Q

Cnidaria

A

Autapomorphies: Cnidocyte cells (stinging cells, nematocysts), epitheliomusculature (endoderm and ectoderm, longitudinal and circular muscle cells), polyp body plan (medusa is derived trait), planula larva (free-swimming w directed movement, develops into polyp).\

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8
Q

Cnidocil

A

A hairlike sensory projection from the surface of a cnidoblast which (when triggered) discharges the nematocyst

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9
Q

Cnidocytes

A

A specialized cell containing a cnidocyst involved in capturing prey and defense mechanism against predators of the cnidarians

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10
Q

Cnidoglandular lobe

A

The band containing the nematocyte cells, collar cells, and other glands.

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11
Q

Complete septa

A

k

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12
Q

Connexon

A

An assembly of six proteins called connexons form the pore of a gap junction between the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells

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13
Q

Cubozoa

A

(Box Jellies) Quadraradial symmetry and box like shape, advanced nerve development in complex eye, short polyp stage and long (mostly) medusa stage, one medusa maturing per polyp.

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14
Q

Digestive epithelium

A

Also known as the gastrodermis, epithelial layer whose function is primarily for digestion.

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15
Q

Dimorphic life cycle

A

Having a life cycle with two stages; in the case of the cnidaria, the polyp and the medusa stage (present in every class except the Anthozoa)

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16
Q

Diploblastic

A

Having only two germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm.

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17
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the epidermis and nerve tissue

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18
Q

Endoderm

A

the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the lining of the gut and associated structures

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19
Q

Ephyra

A

An immature medusa, produced by a budding polyp.

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20
Q

Epitheliomuscular cells

A

Of or relating to an epithelial cell of a coelenterate that contains contractile fibrils and acts as a muscle

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21
Q

Extracellular digestion

A

A process in which saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food. The enzymes catalyze the digestion of the food into molecules small enough to be taken up by passive diffusion, transport or phagocytosis.

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22
Q

Gap junctions

A

Structures found on the cell membrane that directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, allowing cytoplasmic flow (ie cell-to-cell communication)

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23
Q

Gastric filaments

A

In scyphozoans, a row of filaments on the surface of the gastric cavity which function to kill or paralyze live prey taken into the stomach. (AKA phacella)

24
Q

Gastrodermis

A

The inner layer of cells that lines the membrane of the gastrovascular cavity

25
Q

Gastrovascular cavity

A

A body cavity with a single opening to the outside; it functions as both a digestive system and a circulatory system

26
Q

Gastrozooid

A

Zooid (extension) of an anthozoan colony specialized for feeding and bearing tentacles and a mouth.

27
Q

Gastrulation

A

A phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into three-layered structure known as the gastrula, resulting in three germ layers known as the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

28
Q

Gonozooid

A

Zooid (extension) of an anthozoan colony specialized for reproduction

29
Q

Hydranth

A

one of the feeding zooids of a hydroid colony

30
Q

Hydrostatic Skeleton

A

Formed from a fluid-filled and closed cavity surrounded by a body wall containing muscles oriented in different directions. Muscular contractions maintain the rigid form or change the shape of the organisms allowing movement

31
Q

Hydrozoa

A

class of organisms that have the polyp and medusa, hydromedusae, in their life cycle; almost all are carnivorous marine animals; and they form colonies of interconnected polyps encrusted on the substrate making them appear more like plants than animals

32
Q

Incomplete digestive system

A

An incomplete digestive system consists of a digestive cavity with one opening. The single opening serves as both mouth and anus

33
Q

Incomplete septa

A

when one end of the septa attaches to the body wall but their free ends are suspended and are armed with cnidocytes to help immobilize ingested prey

34
Q

Medusa

A

The free-swimming, mobile stage of the cnidarian life cycle. This stage, when present, is reproductive and mature gonads form on either male or female medusae. A common example is the jellyfish

35
Q

Mesoglea

A

The jellylike layer found between the ectodermal and endodermal cell layers of diploblastic organisms. It acts as a type of cement holding the two layers together but, unlike mesenchyme, has few, if any, cells.

36
Q

Myoneme

A

Strands of contractile myofibers found in single cells. These allow the cell, or a portion of the cell, to contract in length and change its shape

37
Q

Nematocyst

A

This organelle is part of the cnidocyte unique to the Cnidarians. It is the stinging, or eversible, portion of the cell, and it can drill into, entangle, and or stick to potential prey

38
Q

Nerve net

A

The nerve net is the simplest form of a nervous system found in multicellular organisms. Unlike central nervous systems where neurons are typically grouped together, neurons found in nerve nets are found spread apart. This nervous system allows cnidarians to respond to physical contact

39
Q

Nutritive muscular cells

A

inner circular muscle of the hydroskeleton

40
Q

Oral surface

A

surface of the oral opening

41
Q

Oral-aboral axis

A

The axis of the body down which symmetry is defined

42
Q

Pedalia

A

The flat, enlarged base of the tentacles in some cnidarians, usually the cubozoans

43
Q

Pigment cup

A

contains photoreceptors that are sensitive to light. The organisms uses this to tell the direction of the light

44
Q

Polyp

A

The sessile, asexual stage in the cnidarian life cycle. In some species they are independent organisms; in others, they form colonies where some polyps are involved in food gathering (gastrozooids) and other polyps (gonozooids) produce the reproductive stage

45
Q

Rhopalium

A

These sensory structures are found around the bell margin of the jellyfish medusa. They always contain a statocyst for balance and sometimes an ocelli for light detection

46
Q

Scyphozoa

A

Class of animal. Jellyfish! Most of the scyphozoan life cycle is spent as a medusa; the short-lived polyp is represented in the life cycle by the schyphostome that undergoes transverse fissions, strobilization, to form the strobila from which ephyrae, small immature medusae, are formed

47
Q

Scyphistoma

A

The jellyfish, class Scyphozoa, get their name from this unique stage in the life cycle. It is a small polyp existing for only for a short time before developing into a strobila, which then produces the medusa

48
Q

Septa

A

Sheets of tissue that separate two compartments or cavities. Singular is septum

49
Q

Siphonoglyphs

A

Single or paired ciliated grooves in the oral opening of anthozoans that, along with other features, create the biradial symmetry of the group. The cilia propel water into the gastrovascular cavity

50
Q

Spermaries

A

an organ in which spermatozoa are generated

51
Q

Statocyst

A

A balance organ that senses gravity. It consists of at least one solid statolith surrounded by sensory cilia. As the position of the organism changes the statolith rolls, stimulating different cilia

52
Q

Strobila

A

Stage in the life cycle of scyphozoan cnidarian formed from transverse fission of the scyphostome and producing the small medusoid ephyr

53
Q

Strobilization

A

The process that converts the scyphistoma into a strobila during the life cycle of scyphozoans, jellyfish. Transverse divisions of the strobila produce the small, disc-shaped ephyra that develop into the adult jellyfish

54
Q

Tissue-grade

A

Animals that have tissues but no organ systems. Cnidaria and Ctenophora are examples

55
Q

Triploblastic

A

Organisms formed from the three cell layers: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm

56
Q

Velum

A

A thin flap of tissue found around the inner surface of the bell of a hydrozoans medusa or surrounding the mouth of a cephalochordate

BIO2135 Keywords (12 decks)

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