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N477 > Clotting > Flashcards

Clotting Flashcards

1
Q

How are platelets produced?

A

Stimulated by thrombopoietin and made in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Thrombocythemia

A

Platelets are too high

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3
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Platelets are too low

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4
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Measures the speed of clotting, extrinsic pathway

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5
Q

International Normalize Ratio (INR)

A

Measures the mean of PT

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6
Q

Partial Prothrombin Time (PTT/aPTT)

A

Measures fibrin clot formation, intrinsic pathway

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7
Q

Normal PTT

A

60-70 seconds

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8
Q

Normal aPTT

A

30-40 seconds

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9
Q

Bleeding time

A

1-9 minutes

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10
Q

Normal D-dimer

A

Not detectable

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11
Q

Abnormal d-dimer

A

> 500

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12
Q

What clotting factor is fibrinogen

A

Clotting factor I

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13
Q

Normal fibrinogen levels

A

200-400

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14
Q

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

A

Contains all coagulation factors present in plasma

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15
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

Contains fibrinogen, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor

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16
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

Heparin reversal

17
Q

Vitamin K

A

Warfarin reversal

18
Q

Plasma

A

Contains proteins/clotting factors, transports nutrients/electrolytes, removes waste

19
Q

S/S of sickle cell crisis (7)

A
  • Pain
  • Fever
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness
  • Tachypnea
  • HTN
  • N/V
20
Q

Interventions for sickle cell crisis - HOP

A
  • Hydration
  • Oxygenation
  • Pain relief
21
Q

Complications of sickle cell

A
  • Autosplenectomy
  • Acute splenic sequestration crisis
22
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

Spleen fails to phagocytize foreign substances and increases the risk for infections

23
Q

Acute splenic sequestration

A

Rapid buildup of sickled RBC’s that get trapped in the spleen causing decreased blood volume, splenomegaly, hypovolemic shock

24
Q

S/S of acute splenic sequestration crisis (8)

A
  • Abdominal pain/distention
  • Weakness
  • Pallor
  • Tachycardia
  • Rapid breathing
  • Hypotension
  • Elevated reticulocyte count
  • CT showing enlarged spleen
25
Q

What clotting factor is missing in hemophilia A

A

Factor VIII

26
Q

What clotting factor is missing in hemophilia B

27
Q

Treatment for acute splenic sequestration crisis

A
  • Restore blood volume by blood transfusions and IV fluid resuscitation
28
Q

Thrombotic manifestations of DIC (10)

A
  • Cyanosis
  • Ischemic tissue necrosis
  • Abdominal pain
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachypnea
  • Venous distention
  • Kidney damage
  • Delirium
  • Coma
29
Q

Labs for DIC (4)

A
  • Decreased platelets <100,000`
  • Decreased plasma fibrinogen/factor 1
  • Increased aPTT, PT, thrombin time
  • Increased fibrin degradation products

N477 (13 decks)

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