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BACTERIOLOGY LEC > Clostridium > Flashcards

Clostridium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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2
Q

Best known of all anaerobic spore-forming bacilli

A

Clostridium tetani

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3
Q

What is the primary habitat of Clostridium species?

A

Soil, intestinal tracts of animals, and decaying organic matter

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4
Q

What is the shape of Clostridium spores?

A

Oval, central to subterminal, and not swollen (except C. tetani, which has drumstick-shaped spores)

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5
Q

What is the primary mode of infection for Clostridium species?

A

Through wounds, ingestion, or contamination of food

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6
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for Clostridium species?

A

Strict anaerobes

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7
Q

What disease does C. tetani cause?

A

Tetanus

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8
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin

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9
Q

What toxin Prevents the release of glycine, causing continuous muscle contraction (tetanic spasms)

A

tetanospasmin

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10
Q

What is the primary mode of infection for C. tetani?

A

Through deep, penetrating wounds (e.g., nail wounds, castration, docking)

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11
Q

What is the incubation period for tetanus?

A

3 to 6 days to 3 weeks or longer

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12
Q

What is the primary symptom of tetanus?

A

Muscle spasms and paralysis (ascending tetanus)

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13
Q

What is the primary treatment for tetanus?

A

Antitoxin (100,000 to 200,000 units) and penicillin

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14
Q

What is the primary method of prevention for tetanus?

A

Toxoid vaccine (3 doses at 3-week intervals, followed by boosters)

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15
Q

What disease does C. botulinum cause?

A

Botulism

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16
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. botulinum?

A

Botulinum toxin

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17
Q

What kind of toxin is Botulinum toxin

A

neurotoxin

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18
Q

What toxin causes flaccid paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions

A

botulinum toxin

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18
Q

What are the three forms of botulism?

A

Intoxication, wound infection, and infant botulism (intestinal colonization)

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18
Q

What is the primary mode of infection for C. botulinum?

A

Ingestion of preformed toxin in contaminated food

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19
Q

What C. botulinum type only affects Ducks, wild birds

A

Type C

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19
Q

What C. botulinum type causes Shaker Foal Syndrome

A

Type B

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19
Q

What C. botulinum type causes limberneck, Western duck disease

A

Type C

20
Q

What C. botulinum type only affects Cattle

A

Type D

21
Q

What C. botulinum type causes Lamsiekte in Cattle

A

Type D

22
Q

What C. botulinum type only affects fish and aquatic animals

A

Type E

23
Q

What C. botulinum type only affects Humans

A

Type F and G

24
Q

What is the primary treatment for botulism?

A

Polyvalent antitoxin

25
Q

What is the primary method of prevention for botulism?

A

Proper food preservation and handling

26
Q

What disease does C. perfringens cause?

A

Gas gangrene, necrotizing enteritis, enterotoxemia

27
Q

What are the five types of C. perfringens?

A

Types A, B, C, D, E

28
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. perfringens Type A?

A

Alpha toxin (phospholipase C)

29
Q

Gas gangrene, necrotizing enteritis, yellow lamb disease is caused by C. perfringens Type?

A

Type A

30
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. perfringens Type B?

A

Beta toxin

31
Q

Lamb dysentery, hemorrhagic enteritis in sheep and goats is caused by C. perfringens type?

A

Type B

32
Q

Necrotic enteritis, struck in sheep, hemorrhagic enteritis in pigs is caused by C. perfringens type?

A

Type C

33
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. perfringens Type C?

A

Beta toxin

34
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. perfringens Type D?

A

Epsilon toxin

35
Q

Enterotoxemia (overeating disease, pulpy kidney disease) in sheep and goats is caused by C. perfringens type?

A

Type D

36
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. perfringens Type E?

A

Iota toxin

37
Q

Enterotoxemia in lambs and calves is caused by C. perfringens type?

A

Type E

38
Q

What is the primary treatment for C. perfringens infections?

A

Antibiotics (penicillin) and antitoxin

39
Q

What is the primary method of prevention for C. perfringens infections?

A

Vaccination with type-specific toxoid

40
Q

What disease does C. hemolyticum cause?

A

Red water disease (hemoglobinuria, liver necrosis)

41
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. hemolyticum?

A

Beta toxin (phospholipase C)

42
Q

What is the primary mode of infection for C. hemolyticum?

A

Ingestion of spores from alkaline water or contaminated feed

43
Q

Black disease (necrotic hepatitis) in sheep is caused by what species of Clostridium?

A

C. novyi

44
Q

What is the primary toxin produced by C. novyi?

A

Alpha toxin (phospholipase C)

45
Q

Blackleg (myonecrosis) in ruminants is caused by what species of Clostridium?

A

C. chauvoei

46
Q

Malignant edema is caused by what species of Clostridium?

A

C. septicum

47
Q

What is the primary mode of infection for C. septicum?

A

Through wounds or umbilicus

48
Q

Ulcerative enteritis in quails is caused by what species of Clostridium?

A

C. colinum

49
Q

Iota enterotoxemia in rabbits is caused by?

A

C. spiroforme

50
Q

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans and enterotoxemia in hamsters is caused by what species of Clostridium?

A

C. difficile

51
Q

Subcutaneous abscesses in cats is caused by what species of Clostridium?

A

C. vilosum

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (7 decks)

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