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BACTERIOLOGY LEC > Bacillus > Flashcards

Bacillus Flashcards

1
Q

What type of animals are susceptible to B. anthracis

A

Herbivores

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2
Q

What type of animals are resistant to B. anthracis

A

Carnivores and birds

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3
Q

B. anthracis spores formed at what temperature?

A

15-40°C

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
B. anthracis sporulation requires high CO2 tension

A

FALSE
sporulation inhibited by high CO2 tension

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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
B. anthracis are facultative aerobes

A

FALSE:
Bacillus anthracis is an obligate aerobe

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6
Q

B. anthracis spores germinate at what temperature and duration?

A

65°C for 15 mins

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7
Q

B. anthracis vegetative cells are killed at what temperature and duration?

A

60°C for 30 mins

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8
Q

What are the sources of infection of B. anthracis?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Bone meal and vegetable protein
  3. Wool and hair
  4. Tannery effluents
  5. Bloodsucking flies and carrion eaters
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9
Q

What are the proteins are produced by B. anthracis that forms the Holotoxin

A
  1. Edema Factor
  2. Protective Antigen
  3. Lethal Factor
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10
Q

What are the Net effect of holotoxin of B. anthracis

A
  1. Damage and kill phagocytes
  2. Increased capillary cell permeability
  3. Damage clotting mechanism
  4. Inhibit bactericidal activity of serum
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11
Q

A form of Anthrax thru wound on skin; cutaneous form; malignant carbuncle
or pustule

A

Localized anthrax

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12
Q

A form of Anthrax More often in humans than in animals

A

Localized anthrax

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13
Q

What’s the main cause of death of Anthrax in swine and dogs?

A

Suffocation

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14
Q

A form of Anthrax from airborne spores; pulmonary or inhalation anthrax;
woolsorter’s disease

A

Generalized anthrax

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15
Q

What is the morphology of B. anthracis in tissues?

A

Short chains with rounded ends, single capsule

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16
Q

What is the morphology of B. anthracis in cultures?

A

Long chains with square ends, Medusa-head colonies

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17
Q

What is the size of B. anthracis rods?

A

1 µm x 3-6 µm

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18
Q

What is the appearance of B. anthracis colonies on agar?

A

Ground glass-like with irregular margins (Medusa-head colonies)

19
Q

What is the appearance of B. anthracis deep colonies?

A

Small, ragged, and stringy

20
Q

What is the capsule of B. anthracis made of?

A

Polymers of D-glutamic acid and some polysaccharide

21
Q

How long can B. anthracis spores remain viable?

A

More than 50 years

22
Q

What factor of B. anthracis increases the intracellular cyclic AMP, causing edema

A

Edema Factor

23
Q

What factor of B. anthracis binds to host cells and facilitates entry of EF and LF

A

Protective Antigen

24
Q

What factor of B. anthracis damages and kills phagocytes, inhibits bactericidal activity of serum

A

Lethal Factor

25
Q

What is the net effect of the B. anthracis toxin complex

A

Damage to phagocytes, increased capillary permeability, inhibition of clotting, and shock

26
Q

What is the primary cause of death in animals infected with B. anthracis?

A

Extracellular toxin leading to shock and hemorrhage

27
Q

What percentage of B. anthracis organisms are found in the blood at death?

A

80%

28
Q

What percentage of B. anthracis organisms are found in the spleen at death?

A

20%

29
Q

What are the major anthrax enzootic zones?

A

Tropics and subtropics (India, Pakistan, Africa, South America)

30
Q

What are the environmental conditions favoring B. anthracis spore survival?

A

Alkaline soil, high nitrogen levels, alternating rain and drought, temperatures above 5.5°C

31
Q

What is the localized form of anthrax in humans called?

A

Malignant carbuncle or pustule

32
Q

What is the pulmonary form of anthrax called?

A

Woolsorter’s disease

33
Q

What is the peracute form of anthrax characterized by?

A

Death within 1-2 hours

34
Q

What is the acute form of anthrax characterized by?

A

Death within 24 hours

35
Q

What is the localized form of anthrax in swine and dogs characterized by?

A

Pharyngeal involvement, gastroenteritis, and inflammatory edema of the head and neck

36
Q

What is the primary route of infection for anthrax in humans?

A

Cutaneous (through wounds) or pulmonary (inhalation of spores)

37
Q

What is the primary route of infection for anthrax in animals?

A

Ingestion of spores

38
Q

What diagnostic stain is used to identify B. anthracis in tissues?

A

McFadyean’s stain (organisms appear blue, capsules appear pink)

39
Q

What diagnostic test detects the capsular antigen of B. anthracis?

A

Agar gel precipitation test (Ascoli test)

40
Q

What is the appearance of B. anthracis colonies on blood agar?

A

Non-hemolytic, ground glass-like (Medusa-head or judge’s wig-type colonies)

41
Q

What is the component of “string of pearl” test for B. anthracis?

A

Penicillin

42
Q

What bacteriophage is specific for B. anthracis

A

Gamma phage

43
Q

What type of immunity do animals recover from anthrax have?

A

Permanent immunity

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (7 decks)

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