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Actinobacillus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Gram stain reaction of Actinobacillus species?

A

Gram-negative

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2
Q

What is the shape of Actinobacillus bacteria?

A

Pleomorphic

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3
Q

Are Actinobacillus species motile?

A

Nonmotile

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4
Q

What are the catalase and oxidase reactions of Actinobacillus?

A

Catalase- and oxidase-variable

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5
Q

How do Actinobacillus species ferment sugars?

A

Ferment sugars without gas production

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6
Q

What is a characteristic feature of primary cultures of Actinobacillus?

A

Very sticky colonies

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7
Q

Can Actinobacillus grow on MacConkey agar?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What enzyme do Actinobacillus species produce?

A

β-galactosidase

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9
Q

Do Actinobacillus species produce indole?

A

No

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10
Q

What are three important pathogenic species of Actinobacillus?

A

A. lignieresii, A. equuli, and A. suis

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11
Q

What disease does A. seminis cause?

A

Ovine epididymitis

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12
Q

What disease does A. salpingitidis cause?

A

Salpingitis in laying hens

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13
Q

Are A. seminis and A. salpingitidis closely related to other actinobacilli?

A

No

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14
Q

From which animal was Actinobacillus lignieresii first isolated?

A

Argentine cattle (resembling actinomycosis)

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15
Q

What is the shape of Actinobacillus lignieresii cells in lesions?

A

Rod-shaped cells in cheeselike granules

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16
Q

How do Actinobacillus lignieresii granules compare to actinomycosis “sulfur granules”

A

Similar but smaller

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17
Q

What microscopic appearance do crushed Actinobacillus lignieresii granules show?

A

Club-like bodies radiating from center

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18
Q

What is the Gram reaction of Actinobacillus lignieresii in crushed granules?

A

Gram-negative bacilli

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19
Q

What morphological forms does Actinobacillus lignieresii show in fluid culture?

A

Diplococci and long curved forms

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20
Q

Is Actinobacillus lignieresii motile?

A

Non-motile

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21
Q

What growth requirement does Actinobacillus lignieresii have?

A

Requires serum or blood for growth

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22
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of Actinobacillus lignieresii?

A

Aerobic (fails to grow anaerobically)

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23
Q

Describe Actinobacillus lignieresii colonies:

A

Bluish-white, delicate, smooth, glistening, convex

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24
Q

Does Actinobacillus lignieresii liquefy serum gelatin?

A

No

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25
Q

What is Actinobacillus lignieresii effect on litmus milk?

A

Usually unchanged, sometimes slight acidity

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26
Q

Does Actinobacillus lignieresii produce indole?

A

Yes, in small amounts

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27
Q

Where is Actinobacillus lignieresii normally found?

A

Buccal mucous membranes of cattle/sheep

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28
Q

How does Actinobacillus lignieresii infection typically occur?

A

Through wounds in buccal epithelium

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29
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresi causes

A

wooden tongue in cattle

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30
Q

What traditional treatment is used for wooden tongue?

A

Lugol’s iodine solution injections

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31
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus equuli cause in horses?

A

Sleepy foal disease (equulosis)

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32
Q

What are three historical names for A. equuli?

A

Bacterium pyosepticus equi, Bacillus nephritidis equi, Shigella equirulis

33
Q

Who first described A. equuli in kidney abscesses?

A

Meyer in South Africa

34
Q

What is the shape of Actinobacillus equuli?

A

Small rod-shaped organism

35
Q

What cellular arrangements does A. equuli show?

A

Short chains and filaments

36
Q

Is Actinobacillus equuli capsulated?

A

Generally non-capsulated

37
Q

What is the Gram reaction of A. equuli?

A

Gram-negative

38
Q

What happens in old broth cultures of A. equuli?

A

: Becomes very cloudy and mucoid with possible pellicle

39
Q

Does A. equuli liquefy gelatin?

A

: No (filiform growth without liquefaction)

40
Q

Is A. equuli typically hemolytic?

A

Usually non-hemolytic

41
Q

Where is A. equuli normally found in horses?

A

Tonsils and intestines

42
Q

What conditions predispose to equulosis?

A

Debilitation from overtraining, parasitism, or bad weather

43
Q

How do Strongylus vulgaris larvae contribute to infection?

A

Carry A. equuli during arterial migration

44
Q

What two organ systems are primarily affected in foals of A. equuli?

A

Kidneys (purulent nephritis) and lungs (pleuropneumonia)

45
Q

Can A. equuli infect piglets?

A

Yes (causes septicemia)

46
Q

What samples should be cultured for diagnosis?

A

Blood, kidney lesions, synovial fluid, cervical swabs

47
Q

Who first described Actinobacillus suis?

A

van Dorssen and Jaarsveld

48
Q

What animals are primarily affected by A. suis?

A

Pigs (especially piglets 1-8 weeks old)

49
Q

What is the cellular morphology of A. suis?

A

Rod-shaped, occurring singly/in filaments/masses

50
Q

What is the Gram reaction and motility of A. suis?

A

Gram-negative and nonmotile

51
Q

What hemolysis patterns does A. suis show?

A

α-hemolysis on horse-blood agar

β-hemolysis on sheep-blood agar

52
Q

What two enzymes does A. suis NOT produce?

A

Urease and indole

53
Q

What other animals can carry A. suis?

A

Horses (nasal carriers, aborted fetuses, neonatal deaths)

54
Q

What two agar types help identify A. suis?

A

Horse-blood agar (α-hemolysis) and sheep-blood agar (β-hemolysis)

55
Q

A. suis Verrucous endocarditis is typical. (T/F)

56
Q

A. suis Neonatal foals can be infected. (T/F)

57
Q

: From which animals was Actinobacillus salpingitidis first isolated?

58
Q

What two conditions does A. salpingitidis cause in laying hens?

A

Salpingitis and peritonitis

59
Q

What was the original name given to this organism?

A

Pasteurella salpingitidis

60
Q

What hemolytic pattern does A. salpingitidis show on sheep-blood agar?

61
Q

On which selective medium can A. salpingitidis grow?

A

MacConkey agar with crystal violet

62
Q

What group characteristics does it share?

A

Basic properties of Pasteurella-Actinobacillus group

63
Q

Where was it found in healthy birds?

A

Cloacae of pullets

64
Q

What two key features help identify A. salpingitidis?

A

Growth on crystal violet MacConkey agar

Hemolysis on sheep blood agar

65
Q

A. salpingitidis is closely related to A. lignieresii. (T/F)

66
Q

Where was Actinobacillus seminis first described?

67
Q

In which two countries is A. seminis widespread in sheep?

A

Australia and South Africa

68
Q

What is the cellular morphology of A. seminis?

A

Pleomorphic Gram-negative rods/coccobacilli (single/pairs/short chains)

69
Q

Is A. seminis motile or encapsulated?

A

: Nonmotile and non-encapsulated

70
Q

What are the optimal growth conditions for A. seminis?

A

Blood/serum media with 20% CO₂

71
Q

Describe A. seminis colonies after 24 hours:

A

Pinpoint to droplike, becoming umbonate with transparent periphery and gray center

72
Q

Does A. seminis grow on MacConkey agar?

73
Q

What are four negative biochemical reactions of A. seminis?

A

No carbohydrate fermentation

Usually no nitrate reduction

Oxidase-negative

Indole-negative

74
Q

Where does A. seminis localize in rams?

A

Epididymis and testis

75
Q

How is A. seminis primarily transmitted?

A

Through semen

76
Q

Which sheep breeds are most affected A. seminis in South Africa?

A

Dorper, Karakul, and Merino

77
Q

What two conditions of A. seminis were reported in Australian rams?

A

Polyarthritis and posthitis

78
Q

Why is A. seminis difficult to identify?

A

Lacks biochemical activity

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (19 decks)

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