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BACTE FINALS 3 > CLOSTRIDIUM > Flashcards

CLOSTRIDIUM Flashcards

1
Q

Most commonly causes myonecrosis

A

C. perfringens

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2
Q

Clostridum spp.
Specie

A

C. perfringens, C. novyi, C.
histolyticum, C. bifermentans, C. sordellii, C. innocuum, C. botulinum and C. tetani

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3
Q

Clostridum spp.
Histotoxic

A

C. perfringens, C. novyi, C. histolyticum, C. septicum, C. bifermentans

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4
Q

Obligate anaerobes, catalase negative, Gram- positive, spore-forming bacilli

A

CLOSTRIDIUM

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5
Q

acquired through ingestion or open wounds that have been contaminated with soil

A

Toxins of Clostridium

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6
Q

Collagenase, hyaluronidase, lecithinase (soil destruction) and phospholipase

A

Virulence contributors

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7
Q

Carbohydrate fermenter; except

A

C. tetani and C. histolyticum

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8
Q

Form endospores anaerobically

A

CLOSTRIDIUM

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9
Q

Motile; except

A

C. perfringens, C.
ramosum and C. innocuum

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10
Q

Have swollen sporangia except

A

C. perfringens and C. bifermentans

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11
Q

Non-encapsulated; except

A

C. perfringens

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12
Q

Single haemolytic reaction; except

A

C. perfringens

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13
Q

Most commonly isolated member

A

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (GAS GANGRENE BACILLUS)

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14
Q

a-toxin and enterotoxin

A

Virulence factor of C. perfringens

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15
Q

“Boxcar-shaped” bacilli with
subterminal spores

A

Microscopy of Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

o (+) Lecithinase – EYA (egg yolk agar)
o (+) Nagler test – Lecithovitellin
o (+) Reverse CAMP Test –arrowhead-
shaped zone of hemolysis towards test
organism

A

Biochemical

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17
Q

dome-shaped and grayish white with double zones of hemolysis
▪ Alpha and beta zones (double zones)

A

Clostridum perfringens on BAP

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18
Q

Stormy fermentation of milk

A

Lithmus milk

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19
Q

o Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
o Clostridial necrotizing enteritis or Enteritis necroticans

A

Related Disease:

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20
Q

Blister that has water inside,
tissue necrosis

A

Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

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21
Q

▪ Ingested beta enterotoxin in a contaminated food.
▪ Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain

A

Clostridial necrotizing enteritis or Enteritis necroticans

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22
Q

Endospore is usually in dust, soil, or dirt/fecal(?) of animals in the farm

A

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI (TACK HEAD BACILLUS)

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23
Q

Tetanospasmin (neurotoxin)

A

Virulence factor of CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI (TACK HEAD
BACILLUS)

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24
Q

Drumstick or tennis-racket
appearance (terminal spores)

A

Microscopy of CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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25
(+) gelatinase and indole (-) Lecithinase and lipase
Biochemical test of CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
26
Tetanus, Tetanus neonatorum
Infection related to CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
27
slow, anaerobic, heavy, smooth, and swarming growth, narrow zone of b hemolysis
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI ON BAP
28
endopeptidase cleaves the synaptic vesicle membrane protein,
Tetanospasmin
29
Cause tension or cramping and twisting in skeletal muscles that surrounds the wound and tightness of jaw muscles.
Synaptobrevin
30
Characterized by trismus or lock jaw and risus sardonicus or distorted grin. IP: 3 to 21 days.
Tetanus
31
muscle rigidity, difficulty of swallowing, rigidity of the abdomen, chest, back & limbs
Symptoms of Tetanus
32
Usually found in soil and aquatic sediments
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (“CANNED FOOD” BACILLUS)
33
* Potential bioterrorism agent * Presence of subterminal spores
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (“CANNED FOOD” BACILLUS)
34
Botulism toxin
VF of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
35
-b-haemolytic colonies
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM on BAP
36
Botulism
iNFECTION RELATED TO CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
37
neurotoxin that is considered as one of the most potent natural toxins known to man
Botulism toxin
38
A to G (7 antigenic types)
Botulism antigens/agent
39
A, B and E
Cause human disease
40
double or blurred vision, impaired speech, difficulty in swallowing, weakness and paralysis.
BOTULISM
41
Usually due to ingestion of the preform toxin in preserved or meatbased food or canned goods. * Commonly caused by botulism toxin A.
Foodborne botulism
42
Actual infection caused by ingesting the organism from the raw honey or through breastfeeding for infants
Infant botulism
43
Most Common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (bloody diarrhea with necrosis of colonic mucosa).
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
44
Acquired in hospitals by individuals who are receiving antibiotics
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
45
“Infection control dilemma” among hospitalized patients
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
46
Ferments fructose-producing formic acid that changes the color of medium to pink to yellow
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
47
Toxin A (enterotoxin) and Toxin B (cytotoxin).
VF of CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
48
Chains up to 6 cells that are aligned from end to end with oval subterminal endospores.
Microscopy of CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
49
colonies exhibit yellow color and a “ground-glass” appearance.
Cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (CCFA) on CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
50
“Horse stable” odor; nonhaemolytic and produce fluorescent chartreuse. (under UV)
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE on BAP
51
Transport promptly to the laboratory under anaerobic condition or with minimal
O2 exposure
52
If cannot processed immediately: should be kept
in room temp.
53
must be collected at the actual site; swabbing of mucosal surface is insufficient.
Specimen
54
best specimen for anaerobic culture
Needle aspiration
55
only be used when performing aspiration is not possible or if a biopsy specimen is not available
Swabs
56
Swab should be placed into
a 0.5 mL sterile thioglycolate broth
57
Food and fecal specimens that are suspected of C. perfringens food poisoning should be
transported at 4°C.
58
UNACCEPTABLE SPECIMENS FOR ANAEROBIC CULTURE
Swabs Sputum Bronchial washings Feces and effluents from ileostomy and colostomy, and gastric and small bowel contents.
59
C. ramnosum and C. clostridioforme
are gram negative
60
not observed in Gram-stained smears of clinical specimens that contain clostridia, unless incubated for many days
Spores
61
Anaerobic blood agar, thioglycollate, EYA, CCFA, PYG, brucella blood agar, PEA and CNA.
Culture media
62
pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized (PRAS) medium and Amies medium.
Transport media
63
Inhibit gram negative coliforms
CCFA
64
pH indicator in CCFA
neutral red
65
detect lecithinase and lipase activity.
EYA
66
Catalase negative; Rgt:
15% H2O2
67
o Using EYA plate and C. perfringens type A antitoxin.
Direct Nagler Test
68
(+): Inhibition of the lecithinase reaction that is produced by C. perfringens
Direct Nagler Test
69
Definitive identification test for C. botulism
Mouse Neutralization Test
70
(+) Arrowhead-shaped zone of hemolysis at the intersection of the two streaks towards clostridium isolates,
Reverse CAMP Test
71
Confirm the presence of C. perfringens.
Reverse CAMP Test
72
Gold standard test for detection of C. difficile toxin. Requires 2-3 days to achieve positive result
Cell Culture Cytotoxicity Test
73
(+) Lecithinase and organisms positive
opaque zone ▪ C. perfringens, C. bifermentans, C. novyi
74
(+) Lipase and organisms positive
“Mother of pearl” app. Or gasoline on water appearance. ▪ C. botulinum, C. novyi
75
o Cleaves the synaptic vesicle membrane protein, synaptobrevin. o Preventing exocytosis and the release of the neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine. o Small amount to produce paralysis and death
Botulism toxin

BACTE FINALS 3 (12 decks)

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