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BACTE FINALS 3 > CLOSTRIDIUM > Flashcards

CLOSTRIDIUM Flashcards

1
Q

Most commonly causes myonecrosis

A

C. perfringens

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2
Q

Clostridum spp.
Specie

A

C. perfringens, C. novyi, C.
histolyticum, C. bifermentans, C. sordellii, C. innocuum, C. botulinum and C. tetani

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3
Q

Clostridum spp.
Histotoxic

A

C. perfringens, C. novyi, C. histolyticum, C. septicum, C. bifermentans

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4
Q

Obligate anaerobes, catalase negative, Gram- positive, spore-forming bacilli

A

CLOSTRIDIUM

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5
Q

acquired through ingestion or open wounds that have been contaminated with soil

A

Toxins of Clostridium

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6
Q

Collagenase, hyaluronidase, lecithinase (soil destruction) and phospholipase

A

Virulence contributors

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7
Q

Carbohydrate fermenter; except

A

C. tetani and C. histolyticum

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8
Q

Form endospores anaerobically

A

CLOSTRIDIUM

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9
Q

Motile; except

A

C. perfringens, C.
ramosum and C. innocuum

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10
Q

Have swollen sporangia except

A

C. perfringens and C. bifermentans

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11
Q

Non-encapsulated; except

A

C. perfringens

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12
Q

Single haemolytic reaction; except

A

C. perfringens

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13
Q

Most commonly isolated member

A

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (GAS GANGRENE BACILLUS)

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14
Q

a-toxin and enterotoxin

A

Virulence factor of C. perfringens

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15
Q

“Boxcar-shaped” bacilli with
subterminal spores

A

Microscopy of Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

o (+) Lecithinase – EYA (egg yolk agar)
o (+) Nagler test – Lecithovitellin
o (+) Reverse CAMP Test –arrowhead-
shaped zone of hemolysis towards test
organism

A

Biochemical

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17
Q

dome-shaped and grayish white with double zones of hemolysis
▪ Alpha and beta zones (double zones)

A

Clostridum perfringens on BAP

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18
Q

Stormy fermentation of milk

A

Lithmus milk

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19
Q

o Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
o Clostridial necrotizing enteritis or Enteritis necroticans

A

Related Disease:

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20
Q

Blister that has water inside,
tissue necrosis

A

Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

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21
Q

▪ Ingested beta enterotoxin in a contaminated food.
▪ Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain

A

Clostridial necrotizing enteritis or Enteritis necroticans

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22
Q

Endospore is usually in dust, soil, or dirt/fecal(?) of animals in the farm

A

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI (TACK HEAD BACILLUS)

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23
Q

Tetanospasmin (neurotoxin)

A

Virulence factor of CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI (TACK HEAD
BACILLUS)

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24
Q

Drumstick or tennis-racket
appearance (terminal spores)

A

Microscopy of CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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25
Q

(+) gelatinase and indole
(-) Lecithinase and lipase

A

Biochemical test of CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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26
Q

Tetanus, Tetanus neonatorum

A

Infection related to CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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27
Q

slow, anaerobic, heavy, smooth,
and swarming growth, narrow zone of b hemolysis

A

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI ON BAP

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28
Q

endopeptidase cleaves the
synaptic vesicle membrane protein,

A

Tetanospasmin

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29
Q

Cause tension or cramping and twisting
in skeletal muscles that surrounds the
wound and tightness of jaw muscles.

A

Synaptobrevin

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30
Q

Characterized by trismus or lock jaw
and risus sardonicus or distorted grin. IP: 3 to 21 days.

A

Tetanus

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31
Q

muscle rigidity, difficulty of
swallowing, rigidity of the abdomen,
chest, back & limbs

A

Symptoms of Tetanus

32
Q

Usually found in soil and aquatic sediments

A

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (“CANNED FOOD”
BACILLUS)

33
Q
  • Potential bioterrorism agent
  • Presence of subterminal spores
A

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (“CANNED FOOD” BACILLUS)

34
Q

Botulism toxin

A

VF of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

35
Q

-b-haemolytic colonies

A

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM on BAP

36
Q

Botulism

A

iNFECTION RELATED TO CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

37
Q

neurotoxin that is considered
as one of the most potent natural toxins known
to man

A

Botulism toxin

38
Q

A to G (7
antigenic types)

A

Botulism antigens/agent

39
Q

A, B and E

A

Cause human disease

40
Q

double or blurred vision, impaired
speech, difficulty in swallowing, weakness and
paralysis.

A

BOTULISM

41
Q

Usually due to ingestion
of the preform toxin in
preserved or meatbased food or canned
goods.
* Commonly caused by
botulism toxin A.

A

Foodborne botulism

42
Q

Actual infection caused
by ingesting the
organism from the raw
honey or through
breastfeeding for
infants

A

Infant botulism

43
Q

Most Common cause of antibiotic-associated
diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (bloody
diarrhea with necrosis of colonic mucosa).

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

44
Q

Acquired in hospitals by individuals who are
receiving antibiotics

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

45
Q

“Infection control dilemma” among hospitalized
patients

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

46
Q

Ferments fructose-producing formic acid that
changes the color of medium to pink to yellow

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

47
Q

Toxin A (enterotoxin) and
Toxin B (cytotoxin).

A

VF of CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

48
Q

Chains up to 6 cells that are
aligned from end to end with oval subterminal endospores.

A

Microscopy of CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

49
Q

colonies exhibit yellow color
and a “ground-glass” appearance.

A

Cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar
(CCFA) on CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

50
Q

“Horse stable” odor; nonhaemolytic and produce fluorescent
chartreuse. (under UV)

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE on BAP

51
Q

Transport promptly to the laboratory under
anaerobic condition or with minimal

A

O2
exposure

52
Q

If cannot processed immediately: should be kept

A

in room temp.

53
Q

must be collected at the actual site;
swabbing of mucosal surface is insufficient.

A

Specimen

54
Q

best specimen for anaerobic
culture

A

Needle aspiration

55
Q

only be used when performing
aspiration is not possible or if a biopsy specimen
is not available

A

Swabs

56
Q

Swab should be placed into

A

a 0.5 mL sterile thioglycolate broth

57
Q

Food and fecal specimens that are suspected of
C. perfringens food poisoning should be

A

transported at 4°C.

58
Q

UNACCEPTABLE SPECIMENS FOR
ANAEROBIC CULTURE

A

Swabs
Sputum
Bronchial washings
Feces and effluents from ileostomy and colostomy, and gastric and small bowel contents.

59
Q

C. ramnosum and C. clostridioforme

A

are gram negative

60
Q

not observed in Gram-stained
smears of clinical specimens that contain
clostridia, unless incubated for many days

A

Spores

61
Q

Anaerobic blood agar,
thioglycollate, EYA, CCFA, PYG, brucella blood
agar, PEA and CNA.

A

Culture media

62
Q

pre-reduced anaerobically
sterilized (PRAS) medium and Amies medium.

A

Transport media

63
Q

Inhibit gram negative coliforms

A

CCFA

64
Q

pH indicator in CCFA

A

neutral red

65
Q

detect lecithinase and lipase activity.

A

EYA

66
Q

Catalase negative; Rgt:

A

15% H2O2

67
Q

o Using EYA plate and C. perfringens type
A antitoxin.

A

Direct Nagler Test

68
Q

(+): Inhibition of the lecithinase reaction
that is produced by C. perfringens

A

Direct Nagler Test

69
Q

Definitive identification test for C.
botulism

A

Mouse Neutralization Test

70
Q

(+) Arrowhead-shaped zone of
hemolysis at the intersection of the two
streaks towards clostridium isolates,

A

Reverse CAMP Test

71
Q

Confirm the presence of C. perfringens.

A

Reverse CAMP Test

72
Q

Gold standard test for detection of C.
difficile toxin. Requires 2-3 days to
achieve positive result

A

Cell Culture Cytotoxicity Test

73
Q

(+) Lecithinase and organisms positive

A

opaque zone
▪ C. perfringens, C. bifermentans,
C. novyi

74
Q

(+) Lipase and organisms positive

A

“Mother of pearl” app. Or gasoline on water appearance.
▪ C. botulinum, C. novyi

75
Q

o Cleaves the synaptic vesicle membrane
protein, synaptobrevin.
o Preventing exocytosis and the release
of the neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine.
o Small amount to produce paralysis and
death

A

Botulism toxin

BACTE FINALS 3 (12 decks)

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