CHLAMYDIA Flashcards
Genus are non-motile, small (0.2to1.5um) and
have Gram-negative cell wall
CHLAMYDIACEAE
Do not possess cytochromes and cannot
synthesize their own ATP.
CHLAMYDIACEAE
They are called “energy parasites” because they
depend on the eukaryotic cells of their host for
metabolism, growth and reproduction.
CHLAMYDIACEAE
Replicate by binary fission in the cytoplasm of
infected cells
CHLAMYDIACEAE
Obligate, intracellular organisms that requires
living cells for growth
CHLAMYDIACEAE
replicative and non-infectious form
RETICULATE BODY (RB)
- Intracellular and metabolically active form of
Chlamydia. - Multiply: Binary fission
RETICULATE BODY (RB)
Infectious form
ELEMENTARY BODY (EB)
- Extracellular from a Chlamydia and is spherical
in shape. - Resembles Gram-negative bacilli with a rigid cell
wall
ELEMENTARY BODY (EB)
Infects cells through inducing active
phagocytosis
ELEMENTARY BODY (EB)
- Major sexually transmitted pathogen
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
PID (pelvic inflammatory
disease) and ocular trachoma
PRINCIPAL CAUSE IN CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
- Travel through the birth canal where infants can
be infected during birth - Associated within fertility and ectopic pregnancy
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
Natural host
Humans
Unique features
10 stable plasmids
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV),
mouse and pneumonitis trachoma
bIOVARS
Serotypes A, B, Ba, C:
endemic trachoma
Serotypes L1, L2, L2a,
L2b, L3 –
LGV
Serotypes D to K, Da,
Ia, Ja
PID, urethritis,
cervicitis, epididymitis
and inclusion
conjunctivitis
Chronic inflammation of the
conjunctiva that lead to
blindness
TRACHOMA
Cause distortion of the eyelids
(eyelashes become
misdirected and turned-in)
TRACHOMA
Contact with contaminated objects, hand
to hand contact with
carriers and through
vectors (flies)
MOT FOR CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
Sexually transmitted
disease which has a multi-system involvement
LYMPHOGRANULOMA
VENEREUM (LGV)
Small, painless ulcer or papule appears initially
and then nodules (buboes) develop after several
weeks
LYMPHOGRANULOMA
VENEREUM (LGV)
Characterized by an abundant eye discharge
and swollen conjunctiva
INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS
Affects infants who acquired it through aspiration
or ocular exposure during birth
INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS
Urethra and cervical secretions,
conjunctiva discharge, nasopharynx and rectal
swabs and material aspirated from fallopian
tubes and epididymis
sPECIMEN USED FOR C. TRACHOMATIS
PREFERRED SPECIMEN FOR C TRACHOMATIS
Dacron and rayon-tipped swabs
Buffalo green monkey kidney
cells, He La 299 cells, Hep-2 cells, McCoy cells
and Cyclohexamide-treated McCoy cells.
CULTURE MEDIA FOR C TRACHOMATIS
Cell scrapings from conjunctiva of newborns or
persons with ocular trachoma.
Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
CYTOLOGIC EXAMINATION
Fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated
monoclonal antibofy
Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
most sensitive
method for detection of C. trachomatis
Nucleic acid amplification
Endocervical and urethral swabs
sPECIMEN IN ANTIGEN DETECTION AND NAAT
that is detected
LPS antigen major antigen
Extractable LPS and elementary body with ketodeoxyoctonate is the primary antigen that can be
identified in genus specific test.
SERODIAGNOSIS
exclude chlamydial infection
negative test
family-reactive
antibodies. Used to diagnosed LGV.
Complement fixation
family-reactive
antibodies. Used to diagnosed LGV.
> 1:64
Used for type-specific
antibodies of C. trachomatis
Microimmunofluorescence (MICROIF) Assay
Preferred method for
identification of C. trachomatis
Microimmunofluorescence (MICROIF) Assay
It can be used for the diagnosis
of LGV, trachoma, inclusion
conjunctivitis, and chlamydial
neonatal infection
Microimmunofluorescence (MICROIF) Assay
IgM titer of 1:32
positive for microimmunofluorescence assay
Most commonly
used rapid antigen assay
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA):
Detects the outer membrane LPS chlamydial
antigen or MOMP antigen
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA):
Causative agent of psittacosis or ornithosis
CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI
Endemic pathogen of birds’ specie such as
parrots, parakeets, chicken and ducks
CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI
Inhalation of infected aerosols from dried
bird excreta or handling of infected birds
MOA of CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI
Complement fixation
with titer of >1:32
Commonly used test for chlamydophila psittaci
Direct
microimmunofluorescence
Sensitive method for chlamydophila psittaci
Only laboratories
with biosafety level 3 facilities can perform the
isolation and cultivation of the specimens
Precautionary measures for chlamydophila psittaci
Formerly known as the Chlamydia pneumonia
strain TWAR.
o TWAR – Taiwan Acute Respiratory
Chlamydia
CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE
Human pathogen that is transmitted through
aerosol droplets.
Human pathogen that is transmitted through
aerosol droplets.
CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE
Associated with pneumonia, bronchitis,
pharyngitis and sinusitis
CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE
Nasopharyngeal
aspirates, sputum and throat swabs
Specimen for isolation for chlamydophila pneumoniae
: He LA cells or Hep-2 cell lines
culture media for for chlamydophila pneumoniae
Microimmunofluorescent
assay
Preferred method for chlamydophila pneumoniae
Ducks, pigeon, hen, sparrow, cockatiels,
macaws, budgerigars
PARROT DISEASE/ Psittacosis (1929)
Zoonotic disease acquired by humans through
inhalation of dried excreta of animals or infected
birds.
Psittacosis (1929)
mild flu, lung infection
caused by Psittacosis (1929)
Also known as Ornithosis or Chlamydiosis
Psittacosis (1929)
