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micro > Clostridia, Coryne, Listeria, Staph > Flashcards

Clostridia, Coryne, Listeria, Staph Flashcards

1
Q

Look into C.tetani toxin and treatment

A
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2
Q

What toxins does C.perfringens make

A
  • Lecithinase: an alpha-toxin breaks down lecithin
    -enterotoxins
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3
Q

what are the symptoms of C.perfringens?

A

Similar to B.cereus: nausea, vomitting, fever, self limiting

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4
Q

Where does Clostridia live?

A

typically in the soil or feces. Spores are the main vector

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5
Q

What bacteria causes gas production in the area of infection (wound)? how does this help the bacteria ?

A

-Clostridia
-interferes with blood supply
-tissue distention
-necrotizing toxin and hyaluronidase secretion
-tissue necroses -> hemolytic anemia -> toxemia

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6
Q

What is gas gangrene? what is it caused by ?

A
  • Clostridial myonecrosis
  • Caused by a mix of clostridia, cocci, and gram-negative organisms eating tissue
    -characterized by gas production, distention
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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of clostridium in an contaminated wound and food poisoning? where would you collect specimins

A
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8
Q

What tests can be used to ID clostridia?

A

-agar: hemolysis, anaerobic
-typcial signs: gas production during carb ferm test, lecithinase, activity
-ELISA for specific toxin
-PCR

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9
Q

What is treatment of invasive clostridia?

A

-removal of infected tissue
- use of antimicrobial drugs (penicillin)
-Hyperbaric oxygen: detoxification
- treatment with anti-toxins
- preventative measures: containment of wound

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10
Q

What are three geneus of aerobic non-spore forming gram-positive bacteria

A

Corynebacterium, Listreia, and Erysipelotthrix

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11
Q

What are the two geneus of gram-positive, spore forming aerobic bacteria?

A
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12
Q

What are the general characteistics of Corynebacterium

A

-aerobic
-non-sporeforming
-forms clubbed ends at the end of the rods = irregular rod shape
- High G-C content
-small

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13
Q

How do you ID CoryneBacteria diphtheriae?

A

-aniline dye/monochromatic dye is used to stain the bacteria, causing the clubbed ends to be purple and the body to be green

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14
Q

How does Coryne look under blood agar? What special agar can you use to help?

A

Small, granular, grey, irregular
-Tellurite agar: brown-black with brown-black halo (halo is unique)

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15
Q

What are the two types of Diptheria? How is it spread?

A
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16
Q

What is the toxin that C.diphtheriae produce? how does it work?

A

-small and breaks into fragments held by disulfide bond
FINISH

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17
Q

What is the pathology of respiratory diphtheria

A

-toxin is absorbed into membranes: destroys epithemium and starts inflammation response
-psuedomembrane forms: made of necrotic tissue, RBC, and WBC formed at the back of the throat
-Enlarged lymphnodes : “bull neck” due to edema of neck
-Toxin can disseminate systemically -> leads to paralysis

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18
Q

What is the pathology of cutaneous diphtheria?

A

-membrane forms around infected wound
-little toxin is absorbed due to skin

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19
Q

What is the clinical findings for resp diptheria

A

-Sore throat
-low-grade fever
-prostration
-dyspnea
-systematic irregulatiries: cardiac, vision, speech, swallowing, movement

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20
Q

How do you ID C.diphtheriae (3)? where do you get the samples from the patient(2)?

A

-take samples before antimicrobials
-swabs from nose, throat or lesion under visible membrane
-Stain -> clubed rods
-selective agars: tellurite
-toxin testing: antitoxin tests, PCR, ELISA

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21
Q

What factors cause resistence to C.diphtheria?

A
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22
Q

How do you treat diphtheria?

A

-Prevent toxin-producing baccteria
-antimicrob: penicillin, erythromycin
- specific anti-toxin at infection site: stops disease progression

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23
Q

What is a convalescent carrier?

A

A carrier of a pathogen who sheds pathogens for awhile after reported infection

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24
Q

What are the general characterisitcs of Listeria?

A

-ubiquitious: soil, vegitation, sewage, water, silage, slaughterhouse waste, healthy animals
-Hardy: large temp range, pH and O2 amount alowed for growth. Salt tolerant(halotolerant)

25
Q

What is the species of listeria that casuses illness? How about Coryne?

A

Listeria: Monocytogenes
Coryne: diphtheriae

26
Q

What is the morphology of Listeria

A

-stumpy gram positive rod
-motile: tumbling motility at 22-28 C
-non-spore forming
-Catalase positive
-variable hemolytic activity

27
Q
A

-selective bile and esculine agar: allows for detection of esculin hydrolysis creating black halos
-chromagar: Listeria’s production of beta-glucosidase, causing a blue green color on Chromagar. Halo will appear on two species, and not the other four
-Rapid L’mono: Uses xylose fermentation

28
Q

What is the pathology of Listeria?

A

-Causes Listeriosis
-Febrile Listerial Gastroenteritis: self-limiting gastroenteritis, non-invasive. Happens when you ingest very contaminated food
-Invasive Listerosis (cell penetration): uses actin-tail to move into adjcent cells
-Immunocompromised: systematic infections. Can develop meningitis high mortality rate
-Can cause severe pregnancy complications with few symptoms: pre-term births, abortions, stillbirths
-Causes 19% of all food borne deaths

29
Q

How do you ID Listeria?

A

-Motility
-Catalase posisitve
-CAMP test
-PCR, sero
-Gram-positive

30
Q

How do you treate Listeria?

A

FINISH

31
Q

What are some characterisitcs of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathae?

A

-Gram-positive: rapid decoloarization
- alpha-hemo
-small, transparent, glistening colonies
-gram-stain dependent of growth conditinos
-catalase, oxidase, and indole negative
- turns TSI black

32
Q

Where does E.rhusiopathiae live?

A
33
Q

What does a E.rhusiopathiae infectoin look like?

A
34
Q

How do you treat a E.rhusiopathiae infection?

A
35
Q

What are the general characteristics of staphlococcus?

A

-Gram-positive cocci that like to grow in clusters
-non-motile
-non-spore forming
-differentiated via coagulase: fibrinogen->fibrin
-positive: only one is S.aureus
- neg: norm. in biota, but can be opportunistic

36
Q

What is micrococcus?

A

-use to be apart of staph genus
-environmental
-same gram stain, slightly different agar
-rarely associated with disease

37
Q

What does Staph aureus look like on agar?

A

-grown under microaerobic to aerobic at 37 C (20-25 for pigment)
-round, smooth, raised colonies
-aureus is golden, while other staph is grey or while
-varying degrees of hemolysis

38
Q

How do you ID STaph (biochem)

A

-Cat. positive
-slow ferments many carbs
-no gas production
-rel. heat resistent and drying, as well as fairly high salt tol.

39
Q

What is the MOA to Penicillin, ampicillin, ticarcilin, ect resistence

A

-beta-lactamase, typically plasmid-derived
-Chr derived: FINISH

40
Q

What is the MOA of staph vancomycin resistance

A
41
Q

What is bacterial tolerance?

A
42
Q

What gives Staph its antigenicity?

A

-peptidoglycan: simulates monocytes, chemoattractant for PMNs
-teichoic acid
-protein A: an adhesive that coats coag-pos staph. bound to peptidoglycan. IgG affinity
-Capsule: inhibits phagocytosis

43
Q

what are the four strains of hemolysis? what do they each degrade? Which one is invovled in MRSA

A
44
Q

What are the exfoliative toxins?

A
45
Q

What is staph scalded skin syndrome? what is toxic shock syndrome? what are they caused by?

A
46
Q

What is the presentation of TSS?

A
47
Q

Where is S.aureus found?

A

-Clothing, bedlinens, ect
-body

48
Q

What are enterotoxins?

A

Toxins that produce food borne illnesses. stable to heat, resistant to gastric acid and int enzymes. Short incu period till typicall food borne illness

49
Q

What is impetigo? What is folliculities, What are furuncles? what are carbuncles

A

A superficial infection of S.aurues

50
Q

What is bacteremia

A
51
Q

What is endocarditis?

A
52
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A
53
Q

what is septic arthritis

A
54
Q

Where do you collect samples from patient for S.aurues

A
55
Q

How do you ID S.aurues?

A
56
Q

how do you tell staph versus strep?

A

cat test

57
Q

What is treatment of S.aurues

A
58
Q

Where does S.aurus come from?

A
59
Q
A

micro (7 decks)

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