Cloning (whole organism and gene) Flashcards
What is cloning?
the process of forming an exact copy
What are the two types of cloning?
- Gene Cloning
- Whole organism
What is gene cloning?
producing identical copies of one gene
When would gene cloning be useful?
for genetic engineering and biotechnological research, where multiple copies of a gene are needed
What is another name for whole organism cloning?
reproductive cloning
What is whole organism cloning?
creating a genetically identical (whole) organism, using a somatic cell/cells from another mature organisms
What is the difference between gene cloning and whole organism cloning?
gene cloning occurs on a cellular level, and involves just one gene being copied. Whole organism cloning involves copying an entire organism
Why is whole organism cloning considered to be reproductive technology?
because it is technically a form of asexual reproduction
What is the basic process of gene cloning?
scientists select a gene, remove it from the source DNA and insert it into the DNA of
another organism, to make identical copies of that gene.
What’s one medical application of gene cloning?
the large scale production of insulin
What is step (1) of gene cloning?
The gene (section of DNA) is cut from the source organism using restriction enzymes (enzymes
produced by bacteria).
What is step (2) of gene cloning?
The gene is pasted into a vector DNA or plasmid by a process known as ligation (ligase enzymes are
used to join fragments of DNA).
WHat is step (3) of gene cloning?
The plasmid containing the gene is introduced to a host cell by a process called transformation.
What is step (4) of gene cloning?
The host cell can now make copies of the vector DNA when it makes copies of its own DNA
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
