Autotroph and Heterotrophs + Function of Plant Structure in Photosynthesis + Microscopic and Macroscopic Gas Exchange Structures in Animals and Plants Flashcards
autotroph
organisms that produce their own food using energy and simple, raw inorganic compounds form their environment
organic compounds
contains carbon-hydrogen bonds
inorganic compounds
without carbon-hydrogen bonds
inorganic compounds examples
- carbon dioxide
- minerals
ions
water
carbon fixation
the process of converting inorganic carbon into organic compounds
two types of autotrophs
- photoautotrophs
- chemoautotrophs
photoautotrophs
uses light or solar energy to get their own energy through photosynthesis.- (green plants)
what do photoautotrophs use and produce
use:
carbon dioxide, water and light energy
produce:
glucose and oxygen
OR
carbon dioxide + water + light → glucose + oxygen
chemoautotrophs
get the energy they need from using chemical energy they get from inorganic chemical reactions energy in a process called chemosynthesis.(nitrifying bacteria in the soil)
what type of organism is always a chemoautotroph
prokaryotes
heterotroph
organisms that get organic compounds through consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs
heterotrophs cannot carry out carbon fixation, and they depend on consuming autotrophs and heterotrophs for nutrients and energy
two types of heterotrophs
- photoheterotrophs
-chemoautorophs
two major organ areas of plants
- the shoot system
- the root system
the shoot system
every part of the plant above the ground, so stems, leaves and any fruit, buds or flowers
the root system
everything below ground, so roots and tubers
The root system structure
- extensive root branches
- flattened epidermal cells increase exposed surface areas
- microscopic “root hairs” or projection on the exterior of the root, as elongated parts of the epidermis
the root system function
- anchors plant and absorbs water and inorganic nutrients (magnesium and nitrates) from the soil
the root system structure for function
- extensive branching and microscopic root hairs → Increase surface area of the root system and allow for maximum absorption of water and nutrients from the soil
two types of root systems
- tap root root systems
- fibrous root systems
three zones of the root system
- the meristematic zone
- the zone of elongation
- the zone of differentiation/maturation
meristematic zone
- where cells are continuously dividing by mitosis and push the root cap to grow
zones of the root system in order
highest: zone of maturation
middle: zone of elongation
lowest: meristematic zone
zone of maturation
- think “mature” like the oldest and the first to grow
- highest zone of the root system
- here, the mature cells (like xylem and phloem) give the root basic structure
