Autotroph and Heterotrophs + Function of Plant Structure in Photosynthesis + Microscopic and Macroscopic Gas Exchange Structures in Animals and Plants

Question 1

autotroph

Answer 1

organisms that produce their own food using energy and simple, raw inorganic compounds form their environment

Question 2

organic compounds

Answer 2

contains carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 3

inorganic compounds

Answer 3

without carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 4

inorganic compounds examples

Answer 4

• carbon dioxide
• minerals
  ions
  water

Question 5

carbon fixation

Answer 5

the process of converting inorganic carbon into organic compounds

Question 6

two types of autotrophs

Answer 6

• photoautotrophs
• chemoautotrophs

Question 7

photoautotrophs

Answer 7

uses light or solar energy to get their own energy through photosynthesis.- (green plants)

Question 8

what do photoautotrophs use and produce

Answer 8

use:
carbon dioxide, water and light energy
produce:
glucose and oxygen
OR
carbon dioxide + water + light → glucose + oxygen

Question 9

chemoautotrophs

Answer 9

get the energy they need from using chemical energy they get from inorganic chemical reactions energy in a process called chemosynthesis.(nitrifying bacteria in the soil)

Question 11

what type of organism is always a chemoautotroph

Answer 11

prokaryotes

Question 12

heterotroph

Answer 12

organisms that get organic compounds through consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs

Answer 13

heterotrophs cannot carry out carbon fixation, and they depend on consuming autotrophs and heterotrophs for nutrients and energy

Question 14

two types of heterotrophs

Answer 14

• photoheterotrophs
  -chemoautorophs

Question 15

two major organ areas of plants

Answer 15

• the shoot system
• the root system

Question 16

the shoot system

Answer 16

every part of the plant above the ground, so stems, leaves and any fruit, buds or flowers

Question 17

the root system

Answer 17

everything below ground, so roots and tubers

Question 18

The root system structure

Answer 18

• extensive root branches
• flattened epidermal cells increase exposed surface areas
• microscopic “root hairs” or projection on the exterior of the root, as elongated parts of the epidermis

Question 19

the root system function

Answer 19

• anchors plant and absorbs water and inorganic nutrients (magnesium and nitrates) from the soil

Question 20

the root system structure for function

Answer 20

• extensive branching and microscopic root hairs → Increase surface area of the root system and allow for maximum absorption of water and nutrients from the soil

Question 21

two types of root systems

Answer 21

• tap root root systems
• fibrous root systems

Question 22

three zones of the root system

Answer 22

• the meristematic zone
• the zone of elongation
• the zone of differentiation/maturation

Question 23

meristematic zone

Answer 23

• where cells are continuously dividing by mitosis and push the root cap to grow

Question 24

zones of the root system in order

Answer 24

highest: zone of maturation
middle: zone of elongation
lowest: meristematic zone

Question 25

zone of maturation

Answer 25

• think “mature” like the oldest and the first to grow
• highest zone of the root system
• here, the mature cells (like xylem and phloem) give the root basic structure