Clinicals Of Pectoral Region

Question 1

Congenital absence of body part, organ, tissue is also known as

Answer 1

Agenesis

Question 2

Polands syndrome is…

Answer 2

Usually UNILATERAL. Absence of pectoralis muscles

Question 3

Absence of nipples is a form of Poland’s syndrome called

Answer 3

Hypoplasia

Question 4

1 Clinicial of back side

Answer 4

Injury of LONG THORACIC NERVE; paralysis of serratus anterior.

Injury to long thoracic nerve leads to paralysis of serratus anterior. Medial border of scapula moves laterally and posteriorly away from thoracic wall casting a WINGED SCAPULA look.
Upper limb won’t elevate above horizontal position.

Question 5

Clinical of triangle of auscultation

Answer 5

For examining posterior segments of lungs with a stethoscope in heavily muscled individuals.
It enlarges when arms are folded across chest.

Question 6

Spinal accessory nerve palsy

Answer 6

Dropped shoulder and ipsilateral weakness with elevated shoulders against resistance.
Due to wiplash, tumor, surgical procedure at posterior triangle.

Question 7

Another clinical for a back nerve

Answer 7

Injury to thoracodorsal nerve

Causes are:
Careless Surgery at axilla, during mastectomy when Axillary tail of breast is removed, surgery on scapula lymph nodes

Symptoms
Unable to lift trunk with upper limbs (like climbing)
Cannot use Axillary crutch

Question 8

Clinicals for shoulders

Answer 8

Injury to dorsal scapula nerve
Supplies rhomboid and levator scapulae.
If rhomboids are paralyzed, scapula on affected side is located far from midline compared to opposite side that is not affected.

Question 9

What injury affects both deltoid and teres minor?

Answer 9

Injury to Axillary nerve.

Usually from 1)fracture of surgical neck of humerus or 2)anterior dislocation of GH joint or by 3)compression from incorrect use of crutches
4) injury from Intramuscular injection of drugs in deltoid

Symptoms
1)Deltoid is flattened
2)Loss of sensation in lateral side of proximal part of arm obvious due to its lateral cutaneous innervation of arm).

Question 10

Another clinical for

Question 11

Clinical of shoulder

Answer 11

Fracture and dislocation of humeral epiphysis. Direct or indirect force on shoulder can lead to fracture-dislocation of proximal humeral epiphysis because GH joint reinforced by rotator cuff is stronger than epiphyseal plate. Shaft can be displaced while head maintains its relationship with socket cuz of this. Can affect bone growth.

Question 12

Clinicals of rotator cuff

Answer 12

Rotator cuff injuries
Can lead to GH instability
Trauma can tear or rupture one or more tendons or rotator cuff muscles, usually supraspinatus.
Also DEGENERATIVE TENDONITIS of rotator cuff in older people.