clinical topics in speech, language and hearing

Question 1

What happens In the communicative intentions stage?

Answer 1

• Thought is born
• Thoughts have to be appropriate to be communicated
• Many thoughts are automatically generated by our subconscious brain which are never communicated
• There is a huge number of thoughts that are generated but never spoken

Question 2

What happens in the language encoring process?

Answer 2

-The speakers need to find an encoding system and encode the “communicative intentions” into some symbolic representation.

Question 3

Why do we need encoding?

Answer 3

• So that the listener can identify the speakers intentions
• The speaker and listener must share the same set of symbols.
• If the listener fails to identify the speakers intention then nothing has been communicated at all.

Question 4

What is an example of such a symbol system?

Answer 4

Language

Question 5

What has to be considered during the language encoding?

Answer 5

-Speaker has to consider a combination of lexical, semantic, synaptic and phonological properties for encoding. (refer to slide)

Question 6

What happens during the motor programming process?

Answer 6

• Plan out what muscles are required to produce the linguistic representation and how they should coordinate.
• Creates the se of instructions for the neuromuscular arrangement needed to move the “organs of speech”

Question 7

If there is a linguistic representation for “PA” some instructions might include…

Answer 7

Move two lips to make a closure
squeeze the lungs the create pressure behind the lips
release the lip closure

Question 8

What happens during the motor execution process?

Answer 8

• The execution of the instructions set at the motor programming stage
• The speaker translates the neuromuscular selections into actual movements of the articulators

Question 9

What happens during the Speech process?

Answer 9

Magically, we now have “speech”
But, what did we get as the output of motor execution?sound waves in the air sound waves are only temporary, so a hearer needs to be available to receive the message but sound waves can also be stored for later re-creation of the waves

Question 10

What happens during the Sensory processing stage?

Answer 10

• The waves in the air are converted to mechanical vibrations of the ear.
• The vibrations generate neurochemical reactions within the cochlea of the inner ear
• Nerve impulses are generated and transported to the auditory cortices of the brain. (via auditory nerves)

Question 11

What happens during the Speech perception process?

Answer 11

• This step is vital to the eventual recover of the speakers communicative intention.
• The listener now identifies and categorizes the received signals into sound categories.

Question 12

What happens during the Language encoding process?

Answer 12

• This is where the product of perception then undergoes a third receptive process
• The speaker determines the structural (synaptic) relations with the sentences
• Semantic features of the lexemes and so on.

Question 13

Can each process have a different disorder?

Answer 13

YES

Question 14

At a communicative intentions stage what type of disorders do we see?

Answer 14

Schizo, Downsymdrome. Alzheimers

Question 15

At a Language encoding or decoding stage what type of disorders do we see?

Answer 15

Aphasia, phonological disorders, Pragnotic language impairment.

Question 16

At a motor programming stage what type of disorders do we see?

Answer 16

Aproxia

Question 17

At a Motor execution stage what type of disorders do we see?

Answer 17

Dysarthia, Stuttering, Dysphagia.(You know how but you can’t).

Question 18

At a Sensory processing stage what type of disorders do we see?

Answer 18

Hearing disorders

Question 19

At a perception stage what type of disorders do we see?

Answer 19

perception disorders