Clinical Reasoning in medicine

Question 1

Definition in clinical reasoning

Answer 1

process of arriving at methods to determine accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment and management within constructs of informed decision making

Question 2

Non-analytical clinical reasoning

Answer 2

uses knowledge and past experience, uses pattern recognition

Question 3

Analytical clinical reasoning

Answer 3

involves processes of hypothesis testing to derive a diagnosis, biostats

Question 4

Cognitive Psych System 1

Answer 4

Intuitive, fast, implicit/automatic, draws on prior experience, based on pattern recognition

Question 5

Cognitive Psych System 2

Answer 5

analytic, slow, deliberate, careful analysis to avoid errors

Question 6

Steps of medical decision making

Answer 6

impressions->assessment->treatment->management

Question 7

Problem representation in clinical reasoning

Answer 7

summary sentence that highlights case findings; context specificity

Question 8

Diagnostic justification in clinical reasoning

Answer 8

hypothesis generation based on appropriate facts and assumptions, uses the problem representation to formulate a diagnostic process

Question 9

Purpose of diagnostic justification

Answer 9

logically think thru case presentation, identify flaws in reasoning and make adjustments in your approach and reasoning

Question 10

sensitivity

Answer 10

proportion of patients with disease that have positive result; when negative rules out disease

Question 11

specificity

Answer 11

proportion of patients without disease that have negative result; when positive rules in disease

Question 12

likelihood ratios

Answer 12

probability of finding in patients with disease / probability of same finding in patients without disease

Question 13

Positive likelihood ratio

Answer 13

sensitivity/(1-specificity)

Question 14

Negative likelihood ratio

Answer 14

(1-sensitivity)/specificity