Clinical Psych Quiz Flashcards
Psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological, rather than biological, techniques, such as psychoanalysis or exposure therapy
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on a patient’s physiology
eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
psychoanalysis
Freud’s therapeutic technique that focuses on releasing previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Rogers, involving active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate a client’s growth
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principals (i.e. classical and operant conditioning) to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
counterconditioning
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
exposure therapies
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or reality) to the things they fear or avoid
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
virtual reality exposure therapy
a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking
rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT)
a confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
group therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction
family therapy
therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
tardive dyskinesia
a possible side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs involving involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
antidepressant drugs
drugs used to treat depression, anxiety, OCD, and PTSD. Several widely used ones are SSRIs - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an attempt to change behavior
lobotomy
a now rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
cognitive-behavioral therapy
therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
psychological disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
medical model
the concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
diathesis-stress model
the concept that a person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
DSM-5
the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used for classifying psychological disorders
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
social anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder involving the intense fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others and therefore, the avoidance of social situations
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by pervasive anxiety not connected to any one, specific stimulus
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
a disorder caused by exposure to trauma, which leads to haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, etc. that lingers for four weeks or more after the trauma
major depressive disorder
a disorder characterized by two weeks or more of low mood or loss of interest or pleasure, among other symptoms
bipolar disorder
a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
mania
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common, characteristic of bipolar disorder
persistent depressive disorder
also known as dysthymia, a disorder with symptoms milder than those of major depression, but present on a majority of days for two or more years
cyclothymia
a disorder with less intense symptoms of bipolar disorder, but often longer-lasting
schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
delusion
a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
somatic symptom disorder
a disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause
conversion disorder
a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms (i.e. blindness, paralysis) that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions
illness anxiety disorder
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. The person (usually a man) may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
borderline personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by a lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions
narcissistic personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by self-preoccupation, inflated estimates of one’s abilities and attractiveness, and the need for others to focus on oneself
histrionic personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotional reactions, dramatic behavior, and the need for attention
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting or laxative use
binge-eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa
