Clinical Pathology - Urinary System

Question 1

What are the different methods for urine collection?

Answer 1

1) midstream catch
2) manual expression
3) catheterization
4) cystocentesis

Question 2

What is pigmenturia?

Answer 2

discolored urine –> results from either hemoglobin, myoglobin, or RBCs in urine

Question 3

What is bilirubinuria?

Answer 3

yellow-orange to orange color and it can be due to ingested chemicals in some foods or drugs

Question 4

What is glucosuria?

Answer 4

Glucosuria is glucoe in the urine; it is caused by either renal threshold exceeded or by renal tubule dysfunction

Question 5

When considering bilirubinuria, whats the cause of it?

Answer 5

Either cholestasis or hemolysis

Question 6

With regards to ketonuria, what can it be caused by?

Answer 6

It is the result of deficient carbohydrate metabolism and increased lipid mobilization

• Note that the patient will have a negative nergy balance

Question 7

When considering occult blood, what are the hem products? and what are they caused by?

Answer 7

• The heme products are hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, and methemoglobinuria.
• Hematuria –> caused by either trauma, inflammation, or neoplasia
• Hemoglobinuria –> caused by hemolytic anemia
• Myoglobinuria –> caused by either muscle necrosis or damage
• Methemoglobinuria –> this is oxidized hemoglobin; its caused by hemolytic anemia due to exposure to oxidants

Question 8

What causes proteinuria?

Answer 8

Proteinuria is caused by severe glomerular disease and it is characterized by:
- proteinuria
- hypoalbuminemia
- hypercholesterolemia
- edema
- +/- azotemia

Question 9

What are the different types of proteinuria?

Answer 9

1_pre glomerular/pre renal
2) glomerular/renal
3) post-glomerular/post renal (most common)