Clinical Notes (Reverse) Flashcards
Treat hypotension; stimulate these receptors to cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Alpha-1 Receptor Agonist
Treat hypertension; stimulate these receptors to inhibit sympathetic vasomoter centers
Alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
Decrease heart rate and contraction force; lower peripheral blood pressure by acting on these receptors to diminish the effects of epinephrine
beta-adrenergic blockers
Drugs that target the muscarinic receptors at neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions
parasympathetic blocking agents
Mimic this system and increase activity of digestive tract
parasympathomimetic drugs
bind to receptor sites & prevent normal response to neurotransmitters or sympathometic drugs
sympathetic blocking agents
drugs that mimic the effects of sympathetic stimulation
sympathometic drugs
gradually destroys sharp, central vision. Two forms: wet and dry
age-related macular degeneration
a rare inability to taste, or hypo- diminished ability to distinguish taste
aguesia
the complete loss of smell, temporary or permanent
anosmia
common & persistent inflammation of the eyelid caused by poor hygiene, excessive oil production, or infection. Itching, gritty, sandy feeling
blepharitis
deafness resulting from conditions in the external or middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from tympanic membrane to the oval window
conductive deafness
a lessened sensitivity to odors
hyposmia
dilation of the pupils of the eye induced by medical eye drops or disease
mydriasis
deafness resulting from problems within the cochlea or along the auditory nerve pathway
nerve deafness
earache
otalgia
oversensitivity to light due to abrasions to the cornea, inflammation, disease or medications
photophobia
The abnormal alignment of eyes that prevents the person from gazing at the same point with both eyes
strabismus
Abnormal condition in which sensory nerve messages connect to the wrong centers of the brain. i.e. hearing colors
synesthesia
a buzzing, whistling or ringing sound heard in the absence of external stimulus
tinnitus
a feeling of dizziness caused by problems in vision or the internal ear
vertigo
abnormal blind spots
scotoma
a collection of inherited retinopathies; most common inherited abnormality. Visual receptors gradually deteriorate. Mutations change the structure of the visual pigments of membrane discs (i.e. rhodopsin)
retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
night blindness; caused by dietary lack of vitamin A. Visual pigments are synthesized from vitamin A, & gradually decline.
nyctalopia
uncontrollable eye movements while stationary which are normally associated with compensation for spinning/twirling.
nystagmus
Nicotine
Affects nicotinic receptors on ALL CNS pre-ganglionic synapses, and sympathetic post-ganglionic synapses. Overall sympathomimetic
Pilocarpine
Parasympathomimetic
binds muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Mimics ACh, enhances PNS effects.
Treats glaucoma by opening humor drainage pores
Bethanechol
Parasympathomimetic
Affects: muscarinic cholinergic receptors; mimics ACH
Treats: Difficulty urinating (increases bladder contractions)
Neostigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Binds to AChE to prevent degradation of ACh; prolongs affect of ACh
Treats: Myasthenia gravis (autoimmune disease that blockls ACh receptors)
Sarin
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Blocks AChE; prolongs effects of ACh
Chemical warfare agent
Albuterol
(Ventolin)
Sympathomimetic
Binds B2 receptors to dilate bronchioles
Phenylephrine
Sympathomimetic
Binds A1 receptors
Treats: Colds (Nasa decongestant)
Propranolol
Sympatholytic
“beta blockers;” binds adrenergic B receptors to decrease HR and blood pressure
