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LABS > CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides - Drug names and mode of action

A

inhibits protein synthesis (bacterocidal)
ex. gentamicin, amikacin tobramycin, streptomycin kanamycin

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2
Q

Beta-lactams / Cephalosporins

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (bacterocidal)
ex. Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, methicillin, Oxacilln, Piperacillin
* Cefazolin (1G)
* Cefuroxime (2G)
* Ceftazidime (3G)
* Ceftriaxone (3G)

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3
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, inhibits gram POS and is Bacterocidal
Ex. Vancomycin

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4
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, bacterocidal
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

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5
Q

Lincosamides * ano2

A

Inhibits protein synthesis –bacterostatic
Clindamycin

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6
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Inhibits RNA synthesis- bacteriostatic
Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetracycline

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7
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Inhibits folic acid synthesis - bacterostatic
Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim

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8
Q

What is the purpose of ESBL?

A

Used to detect cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

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9
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

cannot use oxygen for growth and are harmed by it

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10
Q

Aerotolerant organisms

A

cannot use oxygen for growth, but tolerate its presence

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11
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

can grow without oxygen, but if present can utilize it

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12
Q

What is BAK?

A

Brucella Agar with hemin, vitamin K and 5% sheep blood
Enriched non selective media that’s used for isolation and to exhibit hemolysis

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13
Q

What is PEA?

A

Used as selective media for gram positive organisms

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14
Q

What is LKV?

A

Used to isolate anaerobic gram negative bacilli
Contains lakes blood (provides additional growth factors), vancomycin (inhibits gram positive organisms), kanamycin (inhibits some gram negative organisms)

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15
Q

What is BBE media?

A

used to isolate Bacteroids fragilis group, selective and differential media, contains 20% bile, esculin and kanamycin

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16
Q

Egg Yolk Agar

A

Used for clostridium based on lecithinase and lipase production

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17
Q

Clostridium species

A

Large +B w/ spores, R-CAMP and lecithinase negative
Except C.Perfringes are positive

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18
Q

What is TSI media composed of?

A

0.1% dextrose, 1% lactose and 1% sucrose, phenol red, sodium thiosulfate, ferrous sulphate, peptones, NaCl, agar and H2O

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19
Q

What is Basal medium?

A

Supplies basic or minimum growth requirements and is nonselective
ex. nutrient agar

20
Q

What is an enriched medium?

A

Medium that contains additional substances to meet nutrient requirements of certain bacteria and is nonselective
ex. BA,CA

21
Q

What is selective medium?

A

Medium that contains substances that inhibit or suppress growth of certain organisms while permitting other ones to grow
ex. PEA

22
Q

What is differential medium?

A

Medium that contains substances that would help distinguish between two or more types of bacteria without inhibiting their growth
ex. mannitol salt agar

23
Q

What is BCYE used for?

A

growth of Legionella

24
Q

What is MAC agar?

A

It is selective and differential, bile salts inhibit some gram + and fastidious gram -, lactose &neutral red are differential

25
Q

What are the primary infections caused by S.pyogenes?

A

Impetigo, strep throat, scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis, septicemia

26
Q

What infections is S.agalactiae known for?

A

May cause meningitis, septicaemia and pneumonia in neonates
-prenatal screening for women @37 weeks

27
Q

What infections do Grp C and G strep cause?

A

Similar to A and B except they’re acute and usually involve compromised patients

28
Q

What infections is Strep pneumonia known for?

A

Leading cause of meningitis, may also cause pneumonia, otitis media and conjunctivitis

29
Q

What infections is Strep viridians group known for?

A

Common cause of SBE (subacute bacterial endocarditis), may also cause bacteremia in immunocompromised patients

30
Q

What infections is Enterococcus group known for?

A

Most infections are nosocomial and include UTI, bacteremia, endocarditis and wound infections

31
Q

What infections is Bacillus cereus known for?

A

“fried rice disease” where spores are ingested and the enterotoxins cause a self limiting food poisoning

32
Q

What infections is Listeria monocytogenes known for?

A

Generally causes food borne illness, can cause intrauterine infections, meningitis of immunocompromised hosts

33
Q

What infections is Bordetella pertussis known for?

A

whooping cough

34
Q

What is the consequence of underfilling a blood culture bottle?

A

False negatives

35
Q

What volume of urine should be culture for a nephrostomy urine?

A

0.1ml

36
Q

How long should a biphasic blood culture for Brucella spp. be incubated?

A

4 weeks

37
Q

Why is gelatin important to Neisseria gonorrhoea in blood cultures?

A

It protects from SPS toxicity

38
Q

What organism is most typically associated with fungemia?

A

Candida albicans

39
Q

What organism when grown in a blood may be associated with a neoplasm?

A

Clostridium septicum

40
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of septicemia?

A

Fever, chills, hyperventilation, diarrhea

41
Q

What is septicemia?

A

When bacterial toxins harm the host

42
Q

What eye infections are diabetic patients prone to?

A

orbital mucormycosis

43
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Abnormal passage from organ to organ or body surface

44
Q

What media are used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

BYCE and Regan-Lowe

45
Q

What best describes an atmosphere with 5-10% CO2 and 15% O2?

A

Environment where facultative anaerobes grow

46
Q

What is the smallest size of particles removed by a HEPA filter?

A

0.3 microns

LABS (8 decks)

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