CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 LAB MIDTERM Flashcards
GLUCOSE REFERENCE RANGE
3.6-6.0 mmol/L
ALBUMIN REFERENCE RANGE
33-45 g/L
UREA REFERENCE RANGE
2.8-7.1 mmol/L
SODIUM REFERENCE RANGE
135-147 mmol/L
POTASSIUM REFERENCE RANGE
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
CHLORIDE REFERENCE RANGE
97-106 mmol/L
TCO2 REFERENCE RANGE
22-30 mmol/L
CALCIUM, TOTAL REFERENCE RANGE
2.10-2.60 mmol/L
CALULATED OSMOLITY FORMULA
2(Na) + Glucose + Urea
ANION GAP FORMULA W/O K
Na - (Cl+TCO2)
ANION GAP W K FORMULA
(Na + K) - (Cl + TCO2)
CORRECTED CALCIUM FORMULA
Measured total calcium +( 0.02 [40-albumin g/L])
OSMOLARITY GAP FORMULA
Measured osmolity - calculated osmolity, MUST BE WITH +/- 10 OF THE MEASURED
HCO3 CALCULATED
ANTILOG (PH-6.10) x (TCO2 x 0.0307)
LDL-C FORMULA
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL - HDL CHOLESTEROL - (Triglycerides x 0.46)
NON HDL CHOLESTEROL
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL - HDL CHOLESTEROL
What technology is used on the Cobas e 411
Electrochemiluminescence
WHAT HAPPENS TO PSA AS YOU AGE?
IT INCREASES
Both triglyceride and total cholesterol enzymatic reactions end in color production. What enzyme (in both reactions) creates this end product from peroxide and dye?
PEROXIDASE
In the enzymatic measurement of triglycerides, bacterial lipase breaks down triglyceride and water to
GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS
What is the wavelength used to detect the end product in the enzymatic measurement of total cholesterol
500NM
Using plasma from an under-filled sodium or lithium heparin tube will falsely…….
INCREASE RESULTS
A corrected calcium result should be calculated when which other analyte is low?
ALBUMIN
What is present in the blood of a patient suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis that would cause an increased anion gap result?
ketone bodies
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF GLUCOSE ON ISTAT
Amperometry
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF UREA ON ISTAT
Potentiometry
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF HEMATOCRIT ON ISTAT
Conductometry
VITROS ISE METHOD?
Direct ISE Potentiometry System
COBAS C 311 ISE METHOD?
Indirect ISE Potentiometry System
iSTAT ISE METHOD?
Direct ISE Potentiometry System
TOTAL PROTEIN REFERENCE RANGE
60-80 g/L
CREATINE REFERENCE RANGE
FEMALE: 35-97 umol/L
MALE: 44-106 umol/L
TOTAL BILIRUBIN REFERENCE RANGE
5-21 umol/L
DIRECT BILIRUBIN REFERENCE RANGE
<7.0 umol/L
LIPASE
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fat, acute pancreatitis
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
Interconversion of lactic and pyruvic acids, coenzyme NAD+, substrate L lactate. Megaloblastic anemia
ALKALINE PHOSPHATE
Dephosphorylation of compounds,
Hepatobiliary disorders
CREATINE KINASE
Regeneration of ATP in muscle. Myopathies
UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN
bound to albumin, transport to liver INDIRECR
CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN
conjugated with glucuronic acid by UDPGT to from conjugated bilirubin to eventually be excreted in urine DIRECT
In circulation______ of total bilirubin is unconjugated and______is conjugated bilirubin.
80%, 20%
ERRONEOUS BILIRUBIN RESULTS
Presence of hemolysis, exposed to light
What is present in the total bilirubin reaction that is not in the direct bilirubin reaction?
SURFACTANT
Both total and direct bilirubin mixtures are read using a spectrophotometer set at
546 nm
Post-hepatic jaundice
Increase in conjugated bilirubin
Normal unconjugated bilirubin
Hepatic jaundice
Increase in unconjugated biirubin
Increase in conjugated bilirubin
Pre-hepatic jaundice
Increase in unconjugated bilirubin
Normal conjugated bilirubin
ALT
SPECIFIC FOR LIVER DISEASE
GGT
IN CHRONIC ALCHOLICS
Which liver enzymes are determined by measuring a decrease in absorbance?
AST, ALP
Total and direct bilirubin are both measured using the ____method
diazo
Cholestasis
Increased total bilirubin
Increased direct bilirubin
Elevated liver enzymes (ALP and GGT)
Hemolytic anemia
Increased total bilirubin
Normal direct bilirubin
Normal liver enzymes
Cirrhosis
Increased total bilirubin
Increased direct bilirubin
Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and LDH)
