Clinical Medicine - TW: intimate partner violence, sexual violence Flashcards
What is the differential if the fundal height is lower than expected?
Height (cm)
- Wrong dates
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Oligohydraminos
Which patients should be screened for intimate partner violence?
ALL patients
- Every new patient
- Any patient with signs of trauma
- Any patient with conditions associated with IPV
- Extensive, can affect many organ systems: GI, Repro, Psych, behaviorla signs
G_P_ _ _ _
What does each blank stand for?
GaPb c d e
- a = Number of pregnancies
- b = Number of term births
- c = Number of preterm births
- d = Number of abortions (spontaneous or otherwise)
- e = Number of living children
When should intimate partner violence be documented in a patient’s chart?
ONLY if the patient says it’s okay
What is the differential if the fundal height is higher than expected?
Height (cm) > (#weeks gestation = 3)
- Wrong dates
- Multiples (twins, triplets)
- Fibroids
- Macrosomia
- Hydraminos
List and describe the 3 components of the cycle of abuse
- Intimidation
- Threats, abuse (physical, emotional, sexual)
- Violence escalation
- This is often when pts will present to the ER or engage with healthcare providers
- Honeymoon phase
- Abuser shows remorse
- Vicitm may blame themselves
After 20 weeks gestation, blood pressures above ____ would raise concern for pre-eclampsia or gestational HTN?
140/90
How do you calculate the estimated date of delivery (EDD) for a pregnant patient?
From the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP)
EDD = LMP + one year - 3 months + 7 days
When is it mandatory to report intimate partner violence?
When a patient presents with injuries from a firearm
If children are involved
Otherwise, not necessary to document/report - ALWAYS ask pt before documenting in their chart
When during gestation does fetal movement begin?
When should there be a expected pattern?
Begins at 20 weeks
At 26 weeks, there is an expected pattern; deviations need to be evaluated for fetal well-being
What is considered normal for fundal height?
At 20 weeks:
Beyond:
- At 20 weeks:
- At umbilicus
- > 20 weeks:
- #cm above pubic symphysis should be equal to weeks of gestation +/-3
- Ex: 26 weeks => fundal height should be 23-29 cm above the pubic symphysis
What tissue does Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) look at to analyze the fetal genome?
Cell free DNA
Based on the assumption that the total number of fragments of any one chromosome is proportional to the size of the chromosome
List 4 factors that will affect the fetal fraction of cell free DNA in maternal blood
- Gestational age
- Slightly increases 10-21 weeks
- Significant increase >21 weeks
- Maternal BMI
- Higher BMI = lower Fetal fraction
- Small placenta
- Aneuploidy
- Increased in Trisomy 21, decreased in Trisomy 18 and 13
- This is what we’re actually looking for
Normally, fetal cell-free DNA is 10% of the total circulating cell-free DNA
What is the earliest gestational age at which NIPS can be performed?
Any time after 10 weeks
List 4 limitations of NIPS
- False positives
- Failed results
- Re-draw also has potential to fail
- Delayed results delay time-sensitive decision making
- Results take 1-2 weeks
- Especially important if close to 24 weeks