224 - Pelvic Floor Disorders Urogyn/Uro Flashcards
List 2 reflexes that usually protect against fecal incontinence
- Rectosigmoid junction guarding reflex
- Holds stool in the sigmoid colon
- Fluid is absorbed here
- Recto-anal inhibitory reflex
- Reflex contraction of external anal sphincter, puborectalis
- Holds stool in the rectum
List the structures responsible for pelvic organ support at each level:
- Level 1 (top of vagina)
- Level 2 (length of vagina)
- Level 3 (most distal)
-
Level 1 (top of vagina)
- Uterosacral + cardinal ligaments
-
Level 2 (length of vagina)
- Arcus tendineous fascia pelvis
-
Level 3 (most distal)
- Perineal muscles
List 2 agents that will alter stool consistency and treat fecal incontinece
Psyllium-husk fiber supplement
Low dose loperamide
Changing stool consistence = first line treatment to treat functional fecal incontinence
List 5 functional abnormalities that can contribute to fecal incontinence
- Constipation/fecal impaction
- Stool characteristics
- Loose stool = hard to control
- Physical mobility
- Can’t get to the bathroom
- Drugs
- Cognitive impairment
First line tx = psyllium-husk fiber or low dose loperamide
What are the primary supports of the pelvic viscera?
Levator ani muscles + coccygeus
Levator ani consists of puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus
Are pelvic floor disorders a common part of normal aging?
No!
But they are prevalent - affect 1/3 women
Which ligament is involved in a sacrocolpopexy surgery for pelvic floor reconstruction?
Anterior longitudinal ligament of the sacrum
What kind of incontinence is likely to result from neuromuscular injury to the pudendal nerve?
Stress urinary incontinence
- External urethral sphincter not strong enough to hold pee in, especially during increases in presure (jumping, sneezing)
Is the coccygeus muscle part of levator ani?
No
List 5 risk factors for pelvic floor disorders
- Aging
- Obesity
- Childbirth
- Constipation
- Smoking
List the 3 tiers of management for urgency urinary incontinence
(Tier 1 is the most conservative)
-
Tier 1 = conservative
- Bladder retraining
- Fluid management
-
Tier 2 = medications
- Antimuscarinic
- Beta-3 agonist
-
Tier 3 = procedural (but still kind of medical)
- Sacral neuromodulation
- Intravesical onobotulinum toxin
The Levator Ani Muscles include which of the following muscle groups?
- Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus
- Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Obturator internus
- Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcxygeus, Coccygeus
- Pubococcygeus, Obturator internus, Piriformis
a. Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus
What is the innervation to levator ani?
Pudendal nerve
And also anterior roots of S2, S3, S4
Thank you @Alba!
What kind of incontinence is likely to occur due to a CNS injury?
Urgency urinary incontinence
- When pressure in the bladder is sensed, there is a problem with the central pathways that are supposed to prevent detrusor contraction and increase sympathetic tone (these things help us hold our pee)
- Result is spontaneous detrusor contraction
Sx = not enough warning between feeling like you have to go and then going
What is the first line treatment for functional fecal incontenence?
Change stool consistency
Psyllium husk fiber or low-dose loperamide