Clinical Focus 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of affect

A

The behavioral expression of emotion; may be appropriate (congruent with the situation); may be inappropriate (incongruent); constricted or blunted (diminished range and intensity); or flat (absent of emotional expression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of catatonic schizophrenia (catatonia)

A

A type that is typified by stupor or excitement. Stupor is characterized by extreme psychomotor retardation, mutism, negativism, and posturing; excitement by psychomotor agitation, in which the movements are frenzied and purposeless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of delusions

A

False personal beliefs not consistent with a person’s intelligence or cultural background. The individual continues to have the belief in spite of obvious proof that it is false and/or irrational.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of depersonalization

A

An alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that the feeling of one’s own reality is temporarily lost.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of disorganized schizophrenia

A

Behavior is markedly regressive and primitive. Contact with reality is extremely poor. Affect is flat or grossly inappropriate, often with periods of silliness and incongruous giggling. Facial grimaces and bizarre mannerisms are common, and communication is consistently incoherent. Personal appearance is generally neglected, and social impairment is extreme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of dopamine theory

A

The theory suggests that schizophrenia (or schizophrenia like symptoms) may be caused by an excess of dopamine dependent neuronal activity in the brain. This excess activity may be related to increased production or release of the substance at nerve terminals, increased receptor sensitivity, too many dopamine receptors, or a combination of these mechanisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of double-bind communication

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definition of hallucination

A

False sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli. Hallucinations may involve any of the five senses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of anger

A

An emotional response to one’s perception of a situation. Anger has both positive and negative functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

A rare but potentially fatal complication of treatment with neuroleptic drugs. Symptoms include severe muscle rigidity, high fever, tachycardia, fluctuations in blood pressure, diaphoresis, and rapid deterioration of mental status to stupor and coma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of low serotonin syndrome

A

384, 386

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of no-harm contact

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of violence

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of illusion

A

A misperception of a real external stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Definition of loose associations

A

328, 776

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of magical thinking

A

A primitive form of thinking in which an individual believes that thinking about a possible occurrence can make it happen.

17
Q

Definition of National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI)

A

?

18
Q

Definition of negative symptoms

A

329

19
Q

Definition of neologisms

A

New words that an individual invents that are meaningless to others, but have symbolic meaning to the psychotic person.

20
Q

Definition of paranoid schizophrenia

A

Characterized by persecutory delusions and hallucinations of a threatening nature.

21
Q

Definition of positive symptoms

A

327

22
Q

Definition of Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS)

A

A variety of responses that originate outside the pyramidal tracts and in the basal ganglion of the brain. Symptoms may include tremors, chorea, dystonia, akinesia, akathisia, and others. May occur as a side effect of some antipsychotic medications.

23
Q

Definition of aggression

A

Harsh physical or verbal actions intended (either consciously or unconsciously) to harm or injure another.

24
Q

Definition of impulsivity

A

575

25
Q

Definition of chemical restraints

A

68, 190

26
Q

Definition of time out

A

An aversive stimulus or punishment during which the individual is removed from the environment where the unacceptable behavior is being exhibited.

27
Q

Identify the common features of all schizophrenic disorders

A

324

28
Q

Write an explanation of the dopamine hypothesis and identify how antipsychotic medications affect dopamine levels in the brain

A

39, 320

29
Q

Identify three specific symptoms that differentiate each of the types of schizophrenias

A

324

30
Q

Identify specific nursing interventions that can be used with clients who are experiencing altered perceptions, self-care deficit, social isolation, and risk for violence

A

Reality reinforcement, clarification of communication, intervening in hallucination and delusions, role modeling appropriate affect, promoting hope, demonstrating tolerance, promoting client safety, developing trust, encouraging self-care

31
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: What is the major reason these drugs are used? How will the client benefit?

A

?

32
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: What are the major side effects the client should know, and what would be the proper action if the client experiences any of these?

A

?

33
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: How can the client alleviate the anticholinergic effects of these medications?

A

?

34
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: What would be important about taking any other medication along with the antipsychotic?

A

?

35
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: What problems would require the client to notify the prescribing health professional?

A

?

36
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: How should the client handle missed doses of the medication?

A

?

37
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: What special precautions are taken with Clozeril and why?

A

?

38
Q

Discuss and describe what the nurse would tell the client about taking antipsychotic medications. Include the following: What is the advantage of Haldol D and Prolixin D (Decanoate drugs)?

A

?

39
Q

Discuss the critical thinking exercise at the end of chapter 14

A

?