Ch. 3 Biological Implications (Test 2) Flashcards
The 101st Congress of the US designated the 1990s as what? What was the challenge?
“Decade of the Brain.” The challenge of studying the biological basis of behavior.
Behavioral phenomena result from what?
From the interaction between biological, psychological, and sociological systems.
What are three major parts of the brain?
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
How were most psychological drugs discovered before the 90s?
By trial and error (ex: Thorazine, Nardil (an MAOI for TB, BP))
Up until what decade were there no psychological medications?
60s
What parts make up the forebrain?
Cerebrum, diencephalon
What part makes up the midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What parts make up the hindbrain?
Pons, medulla, cerebellum
What are neurons composed of?
Cell body, axons, dendrites
What are the classes of neurons?
Afferent, efferent, interneurons
What category are neurons under?
Nerve tissue
Neurotransmitters are under what category?
Synapses
What make up neurotransmitters?
Cholinergic, monoamines, amino acids, neuropeptides
What makes up the spinal cord?
Fiber tracts, spinal nerves
What 2 systems make up the peripheral nervous system?
Afferent, efferent
What makes up the afferent system?
Somatic and visceral sensory neurons
What makes up the efferent system?
Somatic and autonomic nervous system
What lobes make up the pituitary gland?
Posterior lobe, anterior lobe
What make up the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Vasopressin, oxytocin
What makes up the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
GH, TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, gonadotropic hormones, melanocyte-stimulating hormone
How does a person feel without growth hormone? What is GH for?
Can feel tired, depressed. It is for growth in children and protein synthesis.
What happens when you do not have enough TSH?
You see weight gain, and have less energy.
Implications for psychiatric illness
Schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, anorexia nervosa, Alzheimer’s disease
Diagnostic procedures
Electroencephalography, computerized EEG mapping, computed tomographic scan, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, MRI
When were neuroleptics introduced?
1950s
What were neuroleptics intended to be used for?
As an adjunct to individual or group psychotherapy
What test can diagnose schizophrenia
PET
What are the roles of the nurse?
Ethical and legal implications, assessment, med admin and evaluation, client education
Where do psychotropic medications effects occur?
Effects occur at the neuronal synapse
What do most antidepressants block?
Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
What do antipsychotics block?
Block dopamine (and others) receptors
What do atypicals block?
Specific serotonin receptor
What do benzodiazepines facilitate?
Transmission of GABA
What do stimulants increase?
Release of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
What is the emphasis on in psychiatric nursing?
A smooth transition from a psychosocial approach to a biopsychosocial focus
What must be incorporated into nursing practice, education, and research?
New science and technology
What effect does excess Haldol have?
Pseudo-Parkinson’s disease as a side effect
What is GABA?
Helps anxiety???
Psychiatric nurses must have a specialized knowledge about?
Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, neuronal processes, neuroendocrinology, Circadian rhythms, genetic influences, psychoimmunology, psychopharmacology, diagnostic technology
*Know how drugs work and side effects for test!
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