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RUSVM Nutrition Summer17 > Clinical Equine nutrition > Flashcards

Clinical Equine nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major (broad spectrum) issues associated with horse nutrition?

A

Feeding management
Roughage associated
Grain associated

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2
Q

What are some examples of feeding management issues in horses?

A

Competition
Vices
Dental problems

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3
Q

What problems may arise when you feed horses in a herd?

A

Competition and aggression over food. may note some horses getting skinny while others gain weight
orTrauma - fighting/biting/kicking wounds

esophageal obstruction aka choke

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4
Q

What is “choke”?

A

Referrers to an esophageal obstruction (the horse is able to breath)

This typically happens when eating a pelleted diet - when animals eat very fast (often due to competition)

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute onset “choke”?

A 
**watery feed tinged nasal discharge
Dysphagia
Gagging
Repeated attempts to swallow
Stretching of the neck
Anxious
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6
Q

What are the three most common feeds that horses will “choke” on?

A

Pelleted feeds
hay cubes
beet pulp

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7
Q

What is the first thing you need to do to a horse with an esophageal obstruction?

A

SEDATE

then pass a naso-gastric tube, using lavage to break up the obstruction as needed

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8
Q

What is the biggest complication noted with “choke”?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

most horses that obstruct will do so again Must take action to prevent: like soaking pellets, separate feeding, slow feeding buckets

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9
Q

What are some abnormal oral behaviors associated with feed management and decrease in roughage? What do these result in?

A

Cribbing
wind sucking
wood chewing

all cause weight loss

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10
Q

What are the abnormal locomotor behaviors that are associated with weight loss?

A

Weaving
Stall walking
head shaking

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11
Q

What are equine vices associated with?

A

Boredom
Low roughage diets
prolonged confinement

(owners tend to think these are learned behaviors but research proves otherwise)

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12
Q

What is cribbing?

A

A horse puts his teeth on a fence or post and then sucks wind in throw the esophagus

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13
Q

T/F: Cribbing is only observed in domesticated or captive animals?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What are come concerns with cribbing?

A 
Poor performance
weight loss
incisor wear
flatulent colic
epiploic foramen entrapment
destruction of property
annoying to the owner
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15
Q

What are some forms of cribbing management?

A

Cribbing collars/masks
hog rings between the incisors
Surgery - cutting the “strap” muscles

***it is best to target the reason why the horse is performing this behavior - rather then preventing them from doing it – medical options like prozac etc.

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16
Q

What abnormal oral condition is highly associated with wind sucking

A

Cribbing

74% of wind suckers become cribbers

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17
Q

What is wind sucking?

A

Similar to cribbing, but without biting down on anything

18
Q

What is wood chewing?

A

Just chewing, no air sucking. It is destructive and can lead to splinters and or foreign bodies

19
Q

What clinical signs will you see in a horse with dental issues?

A

Weight loss
Dropping feed
Difficulty eating
Quidding

20
Q

Where will enamel points be seen?

A

Buccal - maxillary arcade

21
Q

Where will molar hooks be seen?

A

Front edge of the 1st cheek tooth

22
Q

What are some problems associated with alfalfa in foals?

A

High calcium can interfere with other electrolyte absorption and it may promote osteochrondrosis

23
Q

In what plant fields do you find blister beetles? What problems do they cause?

A

Found in alfalfa fields after cutting and crimping at the same time

Cause cantharidin toxicosis - affects GI tract and kidney

24
Q

What is the tx for blister beetle toxicosis?

A

Supportive care only

fluids, NSAIDs prn

**prevention is key

25
Q

What clinical signs may you see in a horse with blister beetle toxicosis?

A 
Colic
anorexia
depression
GI tract erosions (may note these in the mouth)
Frequent urination (kd dz)
Colitis
26
Q

What can contaminated fescue cause in horses?

What is the contaminant?

A 
prolonged gestation
premature separation of the placenta (red bag)
Dystocia
Retained placenta
Agalactia

Caused by endophyte contamination (acermonium ceonophilum) aka ergot alkaloids

27
Q

What is a downside to fungus free fescue strains?

A

Not as hardy

28
Q

How do you prevent fescue toxicosis?

A

Cut the grass before it seeds

fungus lives in the seeds

29
Q

What grass can get contaminated with “the slobber toxin”? What is the toxin?

A

Red clover aka drool weed

Slaframine is the toxin from mold

30
Q

What are feed concentrate issues that you may see in horses?

A

Grain overload
ionophore toxicity
moldy corn poisoning

31
Q

What clinical signs are associated with grain overload?

A

Colic
Colitis
Gastric rupture
Laminitis

32
Q

Why would a grain overload cause laminitis?

A

Rapid fermentation in the large intestine will increase gram neg endotoxins, plus cause an acidosis which will increase the permeability of the mucosa –> leading to increase absorption of endotoxins –> destroy the basement membrane, cause digital ischemia, and leukocyte infiltration = laminitis

33
Q

What can be used to tx laminitis?

A 
NSAIDs
DMSO   IV
Vasodilators
Shoeing and sole support
Sometimes sx intervention - tenotomy
34
Q

What should be removed from the diet of a horse with laminitis or recovering from laminitis?

A

NO CARBS

35
Q

In what animals, are ionophore antibiotics used?

A

Ruminants
swine
poultry

36
Q

Horses are ______X more sensitive to ionophores than poultry

A

200

37
Q

Can ionophore toxicity be treated in a horse?

A

Typically not, unless you catch the horse in the act of eating it. Supportive care is all that can be offered - but generally it is not enough

38
Q

What clinical signs are seen with ionophore toxicity?

A

Trembling
sweating
cardiac arrhythmias
DEATH

cardiotoxic

39
Q

What does moldy corn poisoning in horses cause?

A

Leukoencephalomalacia
aka blind staggers
aka Mycotoxic Equine Encephalomalacia

40
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with “blind staggers”?

A 
Rapid progression of:
Incoordination
depression
blindness
sweating
head pressing
sz, coma, death

RUSVM Nutrition Summer17 (18 decks)

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